diff --git a/packages/react-devtools-shared/src/__tests__/store-test.js b/packages/react-devtools-shared/src/__tests__/store-test.js
index 0a62c089dd13..a848d04750fc 100644
--- a/packages/react-devtools-shared/src/__tests__/store-test.js
+++ b/packages/react-devtools-shared/src/__tests__/store-test.js
@@ -558,6 +558,78 @@ describe('Store', () => {
       expect(leaf.displayName).toBe('Leaf');
       expect(leaf.isInsideHiddenActivity).toBe(true);
     });
+
+    // Regression test for https://github.com/facebook/react/issues/36315
+    // and https://github.com/facebook/react/issues/36375.
+    // @reactVersion >= 19
+    it('should not throw when a child of hidden Activity is removed while a parent Suspense is suspended', async () => {
+      const Activity = React.Activity || React.unstable_Activity;
+
+      let resolve;
+      const never = new Promise(_resolve => {
+        resolve = _resolve;
+      });
+
+      function Suspender() {
+        readValue(never);
+        return null;
+      }
+
+      function Child() {
+        return <div>child</div>;
+      }
+
+      function App({showChild, suspend}) {
+        return (
+          <React.Suspense fallback={<div>Loading</div>}>
+            {suspend ? <Suspender /> : null}
+            <Activity mode="hidden">{showChild ? <Child /> : null}</Activity>
+          </React.Suspense>
+        );
+      }
+
+      // Mount with child visible inside hidden Activity (child is in the Store)
+      await actAsync(() => {
+        render(<App showChild={true} suspend={false} />);
+      });
+      expect(store).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+        [root]
+          ▾ <App>
+            ▾ <Suspense>
+              ▸ <Activity mode="hidden">
+        [suspense-root]  rects={[{x:1,y:2,width:5,height:1}]}
+          <Suspense name="App" uniqueSuspenders={false} rects={[{x:1,y:2,width:5,height:1}]}>
+      `);
+
+      // Suspend the Suspense — this sends REMOVE for Activity and Child
+      await actAsync(() => {
+        render(<App showChild={true} suspend={true} />);
+      });
+
+      // Remove Child from Activity's content while Suspense is still suspended.
+      // This must NOT send a second REMOVE for Child (which is no longer in the Store).
+      await actAsync(() => {
+        render(<App showChild={false} suspend={true} />);
+      });
+
+      // Reveal Suspense — Activity and any remaining children should be re-added
+      await actAsync(() => {
+        render(<App showChild={false} suspend={false} />);
+      });
+      expect(store).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+        [root]
+          ▾ <App>
+            ▾ <Suspense>
+                <Activity mode="hidden">
+        [suspense-root]  rects={null}
+          <Suspense name="App" uniqueSuspenders={true} rects={null}>
+      `);
+
+      // Resolve the promise to clean up
+      await actAsync(() => {
+        resolve();
+      });
+    });
   });
 
   describe('collapseNodesByDefault:false', () => {
diff --git a/packages/react-devtools-shared/src/backend/fiber/renderer.js b/packages/react-devtools-shared/src/backend/fiber/renderer.js
index 037ce1c5cc3b..1f4e1773dc8a 100644
--- a/packages/react-devtools-shared/src/backend/fiber/renderer.js
+++ b/packages/react-devtools-shared/src/backend/fiber/renderer.js
@@ -209,6 +209,7 @@ function createFiberInstance(fiber: Fiber): FiberInstance {
     treeBaseDuration: 0,
     suspendedBy: null,
     suspenseNode: null,
+    isDisconnected: false,
     data: fiber,
   };
 }
@@ -244,6 +245,7 @@ function createVirtualInstance(
     treeBaseDuration: 0,
     suspendedBy: null,
     suspenseNode: null,
+    isDisconnected: false,
     data: debugEntry,
   };
 }
@@ -1784,6 +1786,7 @@ export function attach(
       // We're disconnected. We'll reconnect a hidden mount after the parent reappears.
       return;
     }
+    fiberInstance.isDisconnected = false;
     const id = fiberInstance.id;
     const fiber = fiberInstance.data;
 
@@ -1968,6 +1971,7 @@ export function attach(
       // We're disconnected. We'll reconnect a hidden mount after the parent reappears.
       return;
     }
+    instance.isDisconnected = false;
     const componentInfo = instance.data;
 
     const key =
@@ -2128,6 +2132,13 @@ export function attach(
       return;
     }
 
+    if (fiberInstance.isDisconnected) {
+      // A REMOVE was already sent for this instance (e.g. via disconnectChildrenRecursively
+      // when a parent Suspense suspended). Don't send a second REMOVE.
+      return;
+    }
+    fiberInstance.isDisconnected = true;
+
     if (trackedPathMatchInstance === fiberInstance) {
       // We're in the process of trying to restore previous selection.
       // If this fiber matched but is being hidden, there's no use trying.
@@ -2853,6 +2864,13 @@ export function attach(
     if (isInDisconnectedSubtree) {
       return;
     }
+
+    if (instance.isDisconnected) {
+      // A REMOVE was already sent for this instance. Don't send a second REMOVE.
+      return;
+    }
+    instance.isDisconnected = true;
+
     if (trackedPathMatchInstance === instance) {
       // We're in the process of trying to restore previous selection.
       // If this fiber matched but is being unmounted, there's no use trying.
diff --git a/packages/react-devtools-shared/src/backend/fiber/shared/DevToolsFiberTypes.js b/packages/react-devtools-shared/src/backend/fiber/shared/DevToolsFiberTypes.js
index 1b01dfbc5bbc..046f1fd67bd6 100644
--- a/packages/react-devtools-shared/src/backend/fiber/shared/DevToolsFiberTypes.js
+++ b/packages/react-devtools-shared/src/backend/fiber/shared/DevToolsFiberTypes.js
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ export type FiberInstance = {
   treeBaseDuration: number, // the profiled time of the last render of this subtree
   suspendedBy: null | Array<ReactAsyncInfo>, // things that suspended in the children position of this component
   suspenseNode: null | SuspenseNode,
+  isDisconnected: boolean, // true if a REMOVE was sent to the frontend for this instance
   data: Fiber, // one of a Fiber pair
 };
 
@@ -69,6 +70,7 @@ export type VirtualInstance = {
   treeBaseDuration: number, // the profiled time of the last render of this subtree
   suspendedBy: null | Array<ReactAsyncInfo>, // things that blocked the server component's child from rendering
   suspenseNode: null,
+  isDisconnected: boolean, // true if a REMOVE was sent to the frontend for this instance
   // The latest info for this instance. This can be updated over time and the
   // same info can appear in more than once ServerComponentInstance.
   data: ReactComponentInfo,