From 2721a2870526920fc8d026bbb0afc1a924b30e20 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: baxyz <baxyz@etik.com>
Date: Sat, 13 Jun 2026 21:44:04 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 01/34] =?UTF-8?q?feat(CI-CD):=20=E2=9C=A8=20read=20type=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?definitions=20from=20source=20files=20for=20accuracy?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 scripts/build/build-website-metadata.ts | 46 +++++++++++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 32 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/scripts/build/build-website-metadata.ts b/scripts/build/build-website-metadata.ts
index f35f0310..288ea87c 100644
--- a/scripts/build/build-website-metadata.ts
+++ b/scripts/build/build-website-metadata.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
  */
 
 import { readdir } from 'node:fs/promises';
+import { readFileSync } from 'node:fs';
 import { join } from 'node:path';
 import { ensureDir } from 'fs-extra';
 import {
@@ -237,22 +238,39 @@ function processMember(child: DeclarationReflection): WebsiteFunction | undefine
   const since = extractTagText(comment?.blockTags as CommentTag[] | undefined, '@since') ?? 'unknown';
   const examples = extractExamples(comment?.blockTags as CommentTag[] | undefined);
 
-  // For type aliases: build the `type Name<T> = ...` definition string
+  // For type aliases: read the definition verbatim from the source file so that
+  // complex constructs (conditional types, mapped types, etc.) render correctly.
   // For interfaces: build the `interface Name { ... }` definition string
   let typeDefinition: string | undefined;
-  if (kind === 'type' && (child as unknown as Record<string, unknown>).type) {
-    const rawType = (child as unknown as Record<string, unknown>).type;
-    const typeStr = serializeType(rawType);
-    const typeParams = child.typeParameters
-      ?.map((tp: TypeParameterReflection) => {
-        let s = tp.name;
-        if (tp.type) s += ` extends ${serializeType(tp.type)}`;
-        if (tp.default) s += ` = ${serializeType(tp.default)}`;
-        return s;
-      })
-      .join(', ');
-    const generics = typeParams ? `<${typeParams}>` : '';
-    typeDefinition = `type ${child.name}${generics} = ${typeStr}`;
+  if (kind === 'type') {
+    const srcRef = child.sources?.[0] as ({ fullFileName?: string } & object) | undefined;
+    const srcPath = srcRef?.fullFileName;
+    if (srcPath) {
+      try {
+        const src = readFileSync(srcPath, 'utf-8');
+        // Extract from `export type NAME` to end of file, strip the `export ` prefix
+        const match = src.match(/export\s+(type\s+\S[\s\S]*)$/);
+        if (match) {
+          typeDefinition = match[1].trimEnd().replace(/;$/, '');
+        }
+      } catch {
+        // fallback to serialized form
+      }
+    }
+    if (!typeDefinition && (child as unknown as Record<string, unknown>).type) {
+      const rawType = (child as unknown as Record<string, unknown>).type;
+      const typeStr = serializeType(rawType);
+      const typeParams = child.typeParameters
+        ?.map((tp: TypeParameterReflection) => {
+          let s = tp.name;
+          if (tp.type) s += ` extends ${serializeType(tp.type)}`;
+          if (tp.default) s += ` = ${serializeType(tp.default)}`;
+          return s;
+        })
+        .join(', ');
+      const generics = typeParams ? `<${typeParams}>` : '';
+      typeDefinition = `type ${child.name}${generics} = ${typeStr}`;
+    }
   } else if (kind === 'interface') {
     const members = ((child as unknown as Record<string, unknown>).children as DeclarationReflection[] | undefined) ?? [];
     const memberDefinitions = members.flatMap(m => {

From 070ad7a4a55653408ddffd47c1033863ad79149d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: baxyz <baxyz@etik.com>
Date: Sun, 14 Jun 2026 10:40:17 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 02/34] =?UTF-8?q?refactor(array):=20=E2=99=BB=EF=B8=8F=20m?=
 =?UTF-8?q?ark=20DEFAULT=5FSORT=5FSTRING=5FPROPS=20as=20internal=20-=20cha?=
 =?UTF-8?q?nge=20@since=20tag=20to=20@internal=20refactor(sortNatural):=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E2=99=BB=EF=B8=8F=20move=20natVal=20function=20to=20internal?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20-=20add=20double-safety=20check=20for=20@since=20tag=20in=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?processMember?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 helpers/array/sort.ts                   | 2 +-
 helpers/array/sortNatural.ts            | 9 +++++----
 scripts/build/build-website-metadata.ts | 5 +++++
 3 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/helpers/array/sort.ts b/helpers/array/sort.ts
index cd83fce7..c8c2d089 100644
--- a/helpers/array/sort.ts
+++ b/helpers/array/sort.ts
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ export type SortFn<T> = (a: T, b: T) => number;
 /**
  * Default property names checked (in order) by auto-detecting sort helpers
  * when no explicit property key is provided.
- * @since 2.0.2
+ * @internal
  */
 export const DEFAULT_SORT_STRING_PROPS = ['value', 'label', 'title', 'description'] as const;
 
diff --git a/helpers/array/sortNatural.ts b/helpers/array/sortNatural.ts
index 5a4cf2b2..c40e0d54 100644
--- a/helpers/array/sortNatural.ts
+++ b/helpers/array/sortNatural.ts
@@ -61,6 +61,11 @@ export const sortStringNaturalAscInsensitiveFn: SortFn<string> = (a: string, b:
 export const sortStringNaturalDescInsensitiveFn: SortFn<string> = (a: string, b: string) =>
   getNaturalCollatorInsensitive().compare(b, a);
 
+/** @internal */
+function natVal<T extends Record<string, unknown>>(obj: T, key: keyof T): string {
+  return String(obj[key] ?? '');
+}
+
 /**
  * Creates a sort function for objects by one or more string properties using
  * natural ordering. Numbers embedded in values are compared numerically:
@@ -75,10 +80,6 @@ export const sortStringNaturalDescInsensitiveFn: SortFn<string> = (a: string, b:
  * @returns Sort function
  * @since 2.0.2
  */
-function natVal<T extends Record<string, unknown>>(obj: T, key: keyof T): string {
-  return String(obj[key] ?? '');
-}
-
 export function createSortByNaturalFn<T extends Record<string, unknown>>(
   property?: keyof T | readonly (keyof T)[],
   caseInsensitive: boolean = false,
diff --git a/scripts/build/build-website-metadata.ts b/scripts/build/build-website-metadata.ts
index 288ea87c..55b3f6e2 100644
--- a/scripts/build/build-website-metadata.ts
+++ b/scripts/build/build-website-metadata.ts
@@ -236,6 +236,11 @@ function processMember(child: DeclarationReflection): WebsiteFunction | undefine
 
   const description = extractText(comment?.summary as Array<{ kind: string; text: string }> | undefined);
   const since = extractTagText(comment?.blockTags as CommentTag[] | undefined, '@since') ?? 'unknown';
+
+  // Double-safety: exclude anything without an explicit @since tag.
+  // Primary guard is @internal + excludeInternal:true in TypeDoc options.
+  if (since === 'unknown') return undefined;
+
   const examples = extractExamples(comment?.blockTags as CommentTag[] | undefined);
 
   // For type aliases: read the definition verbatim from the source file so that

From eb3bca534e3f0977483d27f04ce54700155a4fbb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: baxyz <baxyz@etik.com>
Date: Sun, 14 Jun 2026 10:44:56 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 03/34] =?UTF-8?q?feat(CI-C=20CD):=20=E2=9C=A8=20add=20runt?=
 =?UTF-8?q?imes=20field=20for=20consumer=20compatibility?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- define runtimes for node and browser in package.json
- update createBundleMetadata to read from runtimes field
- enhance type extraction logic in buildWebsiteMetadata
---
 package.json                                    |  4 ++++
 scripts/build/build-website-metadata.ts         | 13 ++++++++-----
 scripts/build/helpers/create-bundle-metadata.ts | 10 +++++-----
 3 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index dd6101aa..d6f7c3b9 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -95,6 +95,10 @@
     "node": ">=24.0.0",
     "browser": "ES2022+"
   },
+  "runtimes": {
+    "node": ">=20.0.0",
+    "browser": "ES2022+"
+  },
   "pnpm": {
     "overrides": {
       "postcss": ">=8.5.10",
diff --git a/scripts/build/build-website-metadata.ts b/scripts/build/build-website-metadata.ts
index 55b3f6e2..5ac619ab 100644
--- a/scripts/build/build-website-metadata.ts
+++ b/scripts/build/build-website-metadata.ts
@@ -252,11 +252,14 @@ function processMember(child: DeclarationReflection): WebsiteFunction | undefine
     const srcPath = srcRef?.fullFileName;
     if (srcPath) {
       try {
-        const src = readFileSync(srcPath, 'utf-8');
-        // Extract from `export type NAME` to end of file, strip the `export ` prefix
-        const match = src.match(/export\s+(type\s+\S[\s\S]*)$/);
-        if (match) {
-          typeDefinition = match[1].trimEnd().replace(/;$/, '');
+        const src = readSourceCached(srcPath);
+        // Find the specific declaration: `export type NAME` → extract from `type NAME`
+        // up to the closing `;` at brace-depth 0 (handles multi-line conditional types).
+        const exportStart = src.indexOf(`export type ${child.name}`);
+        if (exportStart !== -1) {
+          const typeStart = exportStart + 'export '.length;
+          const end = findTopLevelSemicolon(src, typeStart);
+          typeDefinition = src.slice(typeStart, end).trimEnd();
         }
       } catch {
         // fallback to serialized form
diff --git a/scripts/build/helpers/create-bundle-metadata.ts b/scripts/build/helpers/create-bundle-metadata.ts
index f69d9c39..f826fe44 100644
--- a/scripts/build/helpers/create-bundle-metadata.ts
+++ b/scripts/build/helpers/create-bundle-metadata.ts
@@ -57,14 +57,14 @@ export async function createBundleMetadata(
     return `https://dashboard.stryker-mutator.io/reports/github.com/${parsed.slug}/v${version}`;
   })();
 
-  // Runtime compatibility — read from package.json engines field.
-  // Deno and Bun are structurally compatible (ESM-only, no native addons) with no per-version constraints.
-  const engines = (rootPackage.engines as Record<string, string> | undefined) ?? {};
+  // Consumer runtime compatibility — read from package.json "runtimes" field (not "engines",
+  // which tracks the dev/build tooling requirement and may be higher than the consumer minimum).
+  const runtimesField = (rootPackage.runtimes as Record<string, string> | undefined) ?? {};
   const runtimes = {
-    node: engines.node ?? '>=24.0.0',
+    node: runtimesField.node ?? '>=20.0.0',
     deno: 'compatible',
     bun: 'compatible',
-    browser: engines.browser ?? 'ES2022+',
+    browser: runtimesField.browser ?? 'ES2022+',
   };
 
   // Create build.json with build metadata

From ba8e6ea28ce5875af9f0133e6e907b3a4ce7527f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: baxyz <baxyz@etik.com>
Date: Sun, 14 Jun 2026 20:00:45 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 04/34] =?UTF-8?q?feat(type):=20=E2=9C=A8=20add=20isInfinit?=
 =?UTF-8?q?e=20example=20and=20notes=20to=20native=20alternatives?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 docs/native-alternatives.json | 10 ++++++++++
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+)

diff --git a/docs/native-alternatives.json b/docs/native-alternatives.json
index b2cf6b5f..38c24506 100644
--- a/docs/native-alternatives.json
+++ b/docs/native-alternatives.json
@@ -317,6 +317,16 @@
       "example": "Number.isFinite(value)",
       "notes": "Prefer Number.isFinite() over global isFinite() which coerces"
     },
+    {
+      "name": "isInfinite",
+      "libraries": [
+        "sindresorhus/is"
+      ],
+      "native": "value === Infinity || value === -Infinity  /  !Number.isFinite(value) && !Number.isNaN(value)",
+      "since": "ES2015",
+      "example": "value === Infinity || value === -Infinity\n// or: !Number.isFinite(value) && !Number.isNaN(value)",
+      "notes": "Number.isFinite() is the complement; compose with a NaN guard if needed. No dedicated helper warranted."
+    },
     {
       "name": "isSet (Set data structure)",
       "libraries": [

From bbc458b0c1e5cb29bf437e1d4ca6ea5da0b5dded Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: baxyz <baxyz@etik.com>
Date: Sun, 14 Jun 2026 20:00:57 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 05/34] =?UTF-8?q?feat(node):=20=E2=9C=A8=20add=20isNodeStr?=
 =?UTF-8?q?eam=20function=20and=20examples=20-=20implement=20isNodeStream?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20to=20check=20for=20Node.js=20streams=20-=20add=20property-ba?=
 =?UTF-8?q?sed=20tests=20for=20isNodeStream=20-=20create=20example=20usage?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20for=20isNodeStream?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 helpers/node/isNodeStream.example.ts | 46 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/node/isNodeStream.spec.ts    | 30 ++++++++++++++++
 helpers/node/isNodeStream.test.ts    | 51 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/node/isNodeStream.ts         | 31 +++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 158 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 helpers/node/isNodeStream.example.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/node/isNodeStream.spec.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/node/isNodeStream.test.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/node/isNodeStream.ts

diff --git a/helpers/node/isNodeStream.example.ts b/helpers/node/isNodeStream.example.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e25b6808
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/node/isNodeStream.example.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import { Readable, Writable } from 'node:stream';
+import type { HelperExamples } from '../../scripts/examples/types';
+import { isNodeStream } from './isNodeStream';
+
+const examples: HelperExamples = {
+  helper: 'isNodeStream',
+  category: 'node',
+  examples: [
+    {
+      title: 'Detect a Node.js stream',
+      description: 'Returns true for any object with a .pipe() method (Readable, Writable, Transform, etc.).',
+      code: `import { Readable } from 'node:stream';
+isNodeStream(new Readable({ read() {} })) // => true
+isNodeStream({})                          // => false
+isNodeStream(null)                        // => false`,
+      assert: () => {
+        if (!isNodeStream(new Readable({ read() {} }))) throw new Error('Readable should be a stream');
+        if (!isNodeStream(new Writable({ write() {} }))) throw new Error('Writable should be a stream');
+        if (isNodeStream({})) throw new Error('{} should not be a stream');
+        if (isNodeStream(null)) throw new Error('null should not be a stream');
+      },
+    },
+    {
+      title: 'Guard before piping an unknown value',
+      description: 'Use isNodeStream to safely pipe only known streams.',
+      code: `import { Writable } from 'node:stream';
+function pipeToOutput(source: unknown, dest: Writable): void {
+  if (isNodeStream(source)) {
+    source.pipe(dest);
+  }
+}`,
+      assert: () => {
+        if (!isNodeStream({ pipe: () => {} })) throw new Error('duck-type pipe fn should return true');
+        if (isNodeStream({ pipe: 'not-a-function' })) throw new Error('non-fn pipe should return false');
+      },
+    },
+  ],
+};
+
+export default examples;
diff --git a/helpers/node/isNodeStream.spec.ts b/helpers/node/isNodeStream.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2a132323
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/node/isNodeStream.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import * as fc from 'fast-check';
+import { Readable, Writable } from 'node:stream';
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isNodeStream } from './isNodeStream';
+
+describe('isNodeStream — property-based', () => {
+  it('primitives are never streams', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.oneof(fc.string(), fc.integer(), fc.boolean()), (value) => {
+        expect(isNodeStream(value)).toBe(false);
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+describe('isNodeStream — contract', () => {
+  it('null → false', () => expect(isNodeStream(null)).toBe(false));
+  it('undefined → false', () => expect(isNodeStream(undefined)).toBe(false));
+  it('{} → false', () => expect(isNodeStream({})).toBe(false));
+  it('{ pipe: non-fn } → false', () => expect(isNodeStream({ pipe: 42 })).toBe(false));
+  it('{ pipe: fn } → true', () => expect(isNodeStream({ pipe: () => {} })).toBe(true));
+  it('Readable → true', () => expect(isNodeStream(new Readable({ read() {} }))).toBe(true));
+  it('Writable → true', () => expect(isNodeStream(new Writable({ write() {} }))).toBe(true));
+});
diff --git a/helpers/node/isNodeStream.test.ts b/helpers/node/isNodeStream.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..11f6aa55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/node/isNodeStream.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import { Duplex, PassThrough, Readable, Transform, Writable } from 'node:stream';
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isNodeStream } from './isNodeStream';
+
+describe('isNodeStream', () => {
+  it('should return true for Readable streams', () => {
+    expect(isNodeStream(new Readable({ read() {} }))).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return true for Writable streams', () => {
+    expect(isNodeStream(new Writable({ write() {} }))).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return true for Duplex and Transform streams', () => {
+    expect(isNodeStream(new Duplex())).toBe(true);
+    expect(isNodeStream(new Transform())).toBe(true);
+    expect(isNodeStream(new PassThrough())).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return true for any object with a pipe function', () => {
+    expect(isNodeStream({ pipe: () => {} })).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false when pipe is not a function', () => {
+    expect(isNodeStream({ pipe: 'not-a-function' })).toBe(false);
+    expect(isNodeStream({ pipe: null })).toBe(false);
+    expect(isNodeStream({ pipe: 42 })).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for objects without pipe', () => {
+    expect(isNodeStream({})).toBe(false);
+    expect(isNodeStream({ read: () => {} })).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for null and undefined', () => {
+    expect(isNodeStream(null)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isNodeStream(undefined)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for primitives', () => {
+    expect(isNodeStream(42)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isNodeStream('stream')).toBe(false);
+    expect(isNodeStream(true)).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/helpers/node/isNodeStream.ts b/helpers/node/isNodeStream.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e8a8cc08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/node/isNodeStream.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Checks if a value is a Node.js stream (has a `.pipe()` method).
+ *
+ * Uses duck-typing: any object with a `pipe` function qualifies, covering
+ * `Readable`, `Writable`, `Duplex`, `Transform`, and custom stream-compatible
+ * objects without importing from `node:stream`.
+ *
+ * @param value - The value to check
+ * @returns `true` if value is a Node.js stream
+ * @example
+ * import { Readable } from 'node:stream';
+ * isNodeStream(new Readable()) // => true
+ * isNodeStream({})             // => false
+ * isNodeStream(null)           // => false
+ * @since next
+ */
+export function isNodeStream(value: unknown): value is { pipe: (...args: unknown[]) => unknown } {
+  return (
+    // Intentionally `object`-only, unlike `isPromiseLike` (see type/isPromiseLike.ts):
+    // a callable function exposing `.pipe()` would be an unusual, contrived stream shape.
+    value !== null &&
+    typeof value === 'object' &&
+    typeof (value as Record<string, unknown>)['pipe'] === 'function'
+  );
+}

From 1ae5796ef38eeefb975aa9434ffc4b3181ac5107 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: baxyz <baxyz@etik.com>
Date: Sun, 14 Jun 2026 20:01:07 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 06/34] =?UTF-8?q?feat(node):=20=E2=9C=A8=20add=20isSharedA?=
 =?UTF-8?q?rrayBuffer=20function=20and=20examples=20-=20implement=20isShar?=
 =?UTF-8?q?edArrayBuffer=20to=20check=20for=20SharedArrayBuffer=20instance?=
 =?UTF-8?q?s=20-=20add=20examples=20for=20usage=20and=20testing?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 helpers/node/isSharedArrayBuffer.example.ts | 45 +++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/node/isSharedArrayBuffer.spec.ts    | 29 +++++++++++++
 helpers/node/isSharedArrayBuffer.test.ts    | 37 +++++++++++++++++
 helpers/node/isSharedArrayBuffer.ts         | 24 +++++++++++
 4 files changed, 135 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 helpers/node/isSharedArrayBuffer.example.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/node/isSharedArrayBuffer.spec.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/node/isSharedArrayBuffer.test.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/node/isSharedArrayBuffer.ts

diff --git a/helpers/node/isSharedArrayBuffer.example.ts b/helpers/node/isSharedArrayBuffer.example.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0b08cac1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/node/isSharedArrayBuffer.example.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import type { HelperExamples } from '../../scripts/examples/types';
+import { isSharedArrayBuffer } from './isSharedArrayBuffer';
+
+const examples: HelperExamples = {
+  helper: 'isSharedArrayBuffer',
+  category: 'node',
+  examples: [
+    {
+      title: 'Distinguish SharedArrayBuffer from ArrayBuffer',
+      description: 'Returns true only for SharedArrayBuffer instances, not plain ArrayBuffers.',
+      code: `isSharedArrayBuffer(new SharedArrayBuffer(8)) // => true
+isSharedArrayBuffer(new ArrayBuffer(8))       // => false
+isSharedArrayBuffer(null)                     // => false`,
+      assert: () => {
+        if (!isSharedArrayBuffer(new SharedArrayBuffer(8))) throw new Error('SharedArrayBuffer should return true');
+        if (isSharedArrayBuffer(new ArrayBuffer(8))) throw new Error('ArrayBuffer should return false');
+        if (isSharedArrayBuffer(null)) throw new Error('null should return false');
+      },
+    },
+    {
+      title: 'Safe shared memory check before worker communication',
+      description: 'Use as a guard to ensure a buffer can be transferred to a Worker.',
+      code: `function sendToWorker(buffer: unknown): void {
+  if (isSharedArrayBuffer(buffer)) {
+    // buffer is SharedArrayBuffer — can be shared directly
+    // worker.postMessage({ buffer });
+  } else {
+    // must transfer or copy
+  }
+}`,
+      assert: () => {
+        if (!isSharedArrayBuffer(new SharedArrayBuffer(0))) throw new Error('0-length SAB should return true');
+        if (isSharedArrayBuffer(new Uint8Array(8).buffer)) throw new Error('ArrayBuffer view should return false');
+      },
+    },
+  ],
+};
+
+export default examples;
diff --git a/helpers/node/isSharedArrayBuffer.spec.ts b/helpers/node/isSharedArrayBuffer.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4e8f28be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/node/isSharedArrayBuffer.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import * as fc from 'fast-check';
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isSharedArrayBuffer } from './isSharedArrayBuffer';
+
+describe('isSharedArrayBuffer — property-based', () => {
+  it('primitives are never SharedArrayBuffers', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.oneof(fc.string(), fc.integer(), fc.boolean()), (value) => {
+        expect(isSharedArrayBuffer(value)).toBe(false);
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+describe('isSharedArrayBuffer — contract', () => {
+  it('null → false', () => expect(isSharedArrayBuffer(null)).toBe(false));
+  it('undefined → false', () => expect(isSharedArrayBuffer(undefined)).toBe(false));
+  it('ArrayBuffer → false', () => expect(isSharedArrayBuffer(new ArrayBuffer(8))).toBe(false));
+  it('Uint8Array → false', () => expect(isSharedArrayBuffer(new Uint8Array(8))).toBe(false));
+  it('{} → false', () => expect(isSharedArrayBuffer({})).toBe(false));
+  it('SharedArrayBuffer(0) → true', () => expect(isSharedArrayBuffer(new SharedArrayBuffer(0))).toBe(true));
+  it('SharedArrayBuffer(16) → true', () => expect(isSharedArrayBuffer(new SharedArrayBuffer(16))).toBe(true));
+});
diff --git a/helpers/node/isSharedArrayBuffer.test.ts b/helpers/node/isSharedArrayBuffer.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ae209507
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/node/isSharedArrayBuffer.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isSharedArrayBuffer } from './isSharedArrayBuffer';
+
+describe('isSharedArrayBuffer', () => {
+  it('should return true for SharedArrayBuffer instances', () => {
+    expect(isSharedArrayBuffer(new SharedArrayBuffer(8))).toBe(true);
+    expect(isSharedArrayBuffer(new SharedArrayBuffer(0))).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for regular ArrayBuffer', () => {
+    expect(isSharedArrayBuffer(new ArrayBuffer(8))).toBe(false);
+    expect(isSharedArrayBuffer(new ArrayBuffer(0))).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for typed arrays', () => {
+    expect(isSharedArrayBuffer(new Uint8Array(8))).toBe(false);
+    expect(isSharedArrayBuffer(new Int32Array(4))).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for null and undefined', () => {
+    expect(isSharedArrayBuffer(null)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isSharedArrayBuffer(undefined)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for other values', () => {
+    expect(isSharedArrayBuffer({})).toBe(false);
+    expect(isSharedArrayBuffer([])).toBe(false);
+    expect(isSharedArrayBuffer(42)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isSharedArrayBuffer('sab')).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/helpers/node/isSharedArrayBuffer.ts b/helpers/node/isSharedArrayBuffer.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..70d5675d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/node/isSharedArrayBuffer.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Checks if a value is a `SharedArrayBuffer` instance.
+ *
+ * `SharedArrayBuffer` enables shared memory between the main thread and worker
+ * threads. In browsers without COOP/COEP headers, `SharedArrayBuffer` may be
+ * unavailable; this function returns `false` in that case.
+ *
+ * @param value - The value to check
+ * @returns `true` if value is a SharedArrayBuffer
+ * @example
+ * isSharedArrayBuffer(new SharedArrayBuffer(8)) // => true
+ * isSharedArrayBuffer(new ArrayBuffer(8))       // => false
+ * isSharedArrayBuffer(null)                     // => false
+ * @since next
+ */
+export function isSharedArrayBuffer(value: unknown): value is SharedArrayBuffer {
+  return typeof SharedArrayBuffer !== 'undefined' && value instanceof SharedArrayBuffer;
+}

From 704bb1bedd77ad3478bd3239d5517d6e86104982 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: baxyz <baxyz@etik.com>
Date: Sun, 14 Jun 2026 20:01:16 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 07/34] =?UTF-8?q?feat(number):=20=E2=9C=A8=20add=20isEven?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20function=20with=20examples=20and=20tests=20-=20implement=20i?=
 =?UTF-8?q?sEven=20function=20to=20check=20for=20even=20integers=20-=20add?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20examples=20for=20usage=20of=20isEven=20-=20create=20property?=
 =?UTF-8?q?-based=20and=20contract=20tests=20for=20isEven?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 helpers/number/isEven.example.ts | 43 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/number/isEven.spec.ts    | 45 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/number/isEven.test.ts    | 46 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/number/isEven.ts         | 25 +++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 159 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 helpers/number/isEven.example.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/number/isEven.spec.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/number/isEven.test.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/number/isEven.ts

diff --git a/helpers/number/isEven.example.ts b/helpers/number/isEven.example.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f612d909
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/number/isEven.example.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import type { HelperExamples } from '../../scripts/examples/types';
+import { isEven } from './isEven';
+
+const examples: HelperExamples = {
+  helper: 'isEven',
+  category: 'number',
+  examples: [
+    {
+      title: 'Check if a number is even',
+      description: 'Returns true for integers divisible by 2, false otherwise.',
+      code: `isEven(4)   // => true
+isEven(0)   // => true
+isEven(3)   // => false
+isEven(1.5) // => false  (not an integer)`,
+      assert: () => {
+        if (!isEven(4)) throw new Error('4 should be even');
+        if (!isEven(0)) throw new Error('0 should be even');
+        if (isEven(3)) throw new Error('3 should not be even');
+        if (isEven(1.5)) throw new Error('1.5 should not be even');
+      },
+    },
+    {
+      title: 'Filter even numbers from an array',
+      description: 'Use as a predicate in .filter() to extract even integers.',
+      code: `const nums = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6];
+nums.filter(isEven)
+// => [2, 4, 6]`,
+      assert: () => {
+        const nums = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6];
+        const result = nums.filter(isEven);
+        if (result.length !== 3 || result[0] !== 2) throw new Error('Expected [2, 4, 6]');
+      },
+    },
+  ],
+};
+
+export default examples;
diff --git a/helpers/number/isEven.spec.ts b/helpers/number/isEven.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..40d7a986
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/number/isEven.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import * as fc from 'fast-check';
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isEven } from './isEven';
+
+describe('isEven — property-based', () => {
+  it('n*2 is always even for any integer n', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.integer({ min: -1_000_000, max: 1_000_000 }), (n) => {
+        expect(isEven(n * 2)).toBe(true);
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('n*2+1 is never even for any integer n', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.integer({ min: -1_000_000, max: 1_000_000 }), (n) => {
+        expect(isEven(n * 2 + 1)).toBe(false);
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('primitives that are not number always return false', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.oneof(fc.string(), fc.boolean()), (value) => {
+        expect(isEven(value)).toBe(false);
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+describe('isEven — contract', () => {
+  it('0 is even', () => expect(isEven(0)).toBe(true));
+  it('-0 is even', () => expect(isEven(-0)).toBe(true));
+  it('NaN → false', () => expect(isEven(NaN)).toBe(false));
+  it('Infinity → false', () => expect(isEven(Infinity)).toBe(false));
+  it('-Infinity → false', () => expect(isEven(-Infinity)).toBe(false));
+  it('1.5 → false (non-integer)', () => expect(isEven(1.5)).toBe(false));
+  it('2.0 → true (integer stored as float)', () => expect(isEven(2.0)).toBe(true));
+});
diff --git a/helpers/number/isEven.test.ts b/helpers/number/isEven.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1e085c8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/number/isEven.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isEven } from './isEven';
+
+describe('isEven', () => {
+  it('should return true for even integers', () => {
+    expect(isEven(0)).toBe(true);
+    expect(isEven(2)).toBe(true);
+    expect(isEven(4)).toBe(true);
+    expect(isEven(-2)).toBe(true);
+    expect(isEven(-100)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for odd integers', () => {
+    expect(isEven(1)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isEven(3)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isEven(-1)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isEven(-7)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for non-integer numbers', () => {
+    expect(isEven(1.5)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isEven(2.4)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isEven(-0.5)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for NaN and Infinity', () => {
+    expect(isEven(NaN)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isEven(Infinity)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isEven(-Infinity)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for non-number types', () => {
+    expect(isEven('2')).toBe(false);
+    expect(isEven(null)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isEven(undefined)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isEven(true)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isEven({})).toBe(false);
+    expect(isEven([])).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/helpers/number/isEven.ts b/helpers/number/isEven.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1e6fdd1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/number/isEven.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Checks if a value is an even integer.
+ *
+ * Returns `false` for non-numbers, non-integers, `NaN`, `Infinity`, and odd integers.
+ *
+ * @param value - The value to check
+ * @returns `true` if value is an integer divisible by 2
+ * @example
+ * isEven(2)    // => true
+ * isEven(0)    // => true
+ * isEven(-4)   // => true
+ * isEven(3)    // => false
+ * isEven(1.5)  // => false  (not an integer)
+ * isEven('2')  // => false
+ * @since next
+ */
+export function isEven(value: unknown): value is number {
+  return typeof value === 'number' && Number.isInteger(value) && value % 2 === 0;
+}

From 6e887924cb7afd80914ceb80c6c8cf96997a10e6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: baxyz <baxyz@etik.com>
Date: Sun, 14 Jun 2026 20:01:24 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 08/34] =?UTF-8?q?feat(number):=20=E2=9C=A8=20add=20isOdd?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20function=20with=20examples=20and=20tests=20-=20implement=20i?=
 =?UTF-8?q?sOdd=20function=20to=20check=20for=20odd=20integers=20-=20add?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20examples=20for=20usage=20of=20isOdd=20-=20create=20property-?=
 =?UTF-8?q?based=20and=20contract=20tests=20for=20isOdd?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 helpers/number/isOdd.example.ts | 44 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/number/isOdd.spec.ts    | 45 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/number/isOdd.test.ts    | 46 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/number/isOdd.ts         | 25 ++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 160 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 helpers/number/isOdd.example.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/number/isOdd.spec.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/number/isOdd.test.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/number/isOdd.ts

diff --git a/helpers/number/isOdd.example.ts b/helpers/number/isOdd.example.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c4edb260
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/number/isOdd.example.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import type { HelperExamples } from '../../scripts/examples/types';
+import { isOdd } from './isOdd';
+
+const examples: HelperExamples = {
+  helper: 'isOdd',
+  category: 'number',
+  examples: [
+    {
+      title: 'Check if a number is odd',
+      description: 'Returns true for integers not divisible by 2, false otherwise.',
+      code: `isOdd(3)   // => true
+isOdd(1)   // => true
+isOdd(2)   // => false
+isOdd(0)   // => false
+isOdd(1.5) // => false  (not an integer)`,
+      assert: () => {
+        if (!isOdd(3)) throw new Error('3 should be odd');
+        if (!isOdd(1)) throw new Error('1 should be odd');
+        if (isOdd(2)) throw new Error('2 should not be odd');
+        if (isOdd(1.5)) throw new Error('1.5 should not be odd');
+      },
+    },
+    {
+      title: 'Filter odd numbers from an array',
+      description: 'Use as a predicate in .filter() to extract odd integers.',
+      code: `const nums = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6];
+nums.filter(isOdd)
+// => [1, 3, 5]`,
+      assert: () => {
+        const nums = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6];
+        const result = nums.filter(isOdd);
+        if (result.length !== 3 || result[0] !== 1) throw new Error('Expected [1, 3, 5]');
+      },
+    },
+  ],
+};
+
+export default examples;
diff --git a/helpers/number/isOdd.spec.ts b/helpers/number/isOdd.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f9dce9bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/number/isOdd.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import * as fc from 'fast-check';
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isOdd } from './isOdd';
+
+describe('isOdd — property-based', () => {
+  it('n*2+1 is always odd for any integer n', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.integer({ min: -1_000_000, max: 1_000_000 }), (n) => {
+        expect(isOdd(n * 2 + 1)).toBe(true);
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('n*2 is never odd for any integer n', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.integer({ min: -1_000_000, max: 1_000_000 }), (n) => {
+        expect(isOdd(n * 2)).toBe(false);
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('primitives that are not number always return false', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.oneof(fc.string(), fc.boolean()), (value) => {
+        expect(isOdd(value)).toBe(false);
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+describe('isOdd — contract', () => {
+  it('0 is not odd', () => expect(isOdd(0)).toBe(false));
+  it('-0 is not odd', () => expect(isOdd(-0)).toBe(false));
+  it('NaN → false', () => expect(isOdd(NaN)).toBe(false));
+  it('Infinity → false', () => expect(isOdd(Infinity)).toBe(false));
+  it('-Infinity → false', () => expect(isOdd(-Infinity)).toBe(false));
+  it('1.5 → false (non-integer)', () => expect(isOdd(1.5)).toBe(false));
+  it('3.0 → true (integer stored as float)', () => expect(isOdd(3.0)).toBe(true));
+});
diff --git a/helpers/number/isOdd.test.ts b/helpers/number/isOdd.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e091fdad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/number/isOdd.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isOdd } from './isOdd';
+
+describe('isOdd', () => {
+  it('should return true for odd integers', () => {
+    expect(isOdd(1)).toBe(true);
+    expect(isOdd(3)).toBe(true);
+    expect(isOdd(-1)).toBe(true);
+    expect(isOdd(-7)).toBe(true);
+    expect(isOdd(99)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for even integers', () => {
+    expect(isOdd(0)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isOdd(2)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isOdd(-2)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isOdd(100)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for non-integer numbers', () => {
+    expect(isOdd(1.5)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isOdd(3.1)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isOdd(-0.5)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for NaN and Infinity', () => {
+    expect(isOdd(NaN)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isOdd(Infinity)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isOdd(-Infinity)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for non-number types', () => {
+    expect(isOdd('3')).toBe(false);
+    expect(isOdd(null)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isOdd(undefined)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isOdd(true)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isOdd({})).toBe(false);
+    expect(isOdd([])).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/helpers/number/isOdd.ts b/helpers/number/isOdd.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b9034623
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/number/isOdd.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Checks if a value is an odd integer.
+ *
+ * Returns `false` for non-numbers, non-integers, `NaN`, `Infinity`, and even integers.
+ *
+ * @param value - The value to check
+ * @returns `true` if value is an integer not divisible by 2
+ * @example
+ * isOdd(3)    // => true
+ * isOdd(1)    // => true
+ * isOdd(-7)   // => true
+ * isOdd(2)    // => false
+ * isOdd(1.5)  // => false  (not an integer)
+ * isOdd('3')  // => false
+ * @since next
+ */
+export function isOdd(value: unknown): value is number {
+  return typeof value === 'number' && Number.isInteger(value) && value % 2 !== 0;
+}

From 406d9ae5ddad04f9a3e7636e2c9d4a9042fab88b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: baxyz <baxyz@etik.com>
Date: Sun, 14 Jun 2026 20:01:32 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 09/34] =?UTF-8?q?feat(observable):=20=E2=9C=A8=20add=20isO?=
 =?UTF-8?q?bservable=20function=20and=20examples=20-=20implement=20isObser?=
 =?UTF-8?q?vable=20to=20check=20RxJS=20observables=20-=20add=20examples=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?for=20usage=20in=20isObservable.example.ts=20-=20create=20tests?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20for=20isObservable=20in=20isObservable.spec.ts=20and=20isObs?=
 =?UTF-8?q?ervable.test.ts?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 helpers/observable/isObservable.example.ts | 45 ++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/observable/isObservable.spec.ts    | 33 +++++++++++++
 helpers/observable/isObservable.test.ts    | 54 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/observable/isObservable.ts         | 36 +++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 168 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 helpers/observable/isObservable.example.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/observable/isObservable.spec.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/observable/isObservable.test.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/observable/isObservable.ts

diff --git a/helpers/observable/isObservable.example.ts b/helpers/observable/isObservable.example.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..31742910
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/observable/isObservable.example.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import { Observable, Subject } from 'rxjs';
+import type { HelperExamples } from '../../scripts/examples/types';
+import { isObservable } from './isObservable';
+
+const examples: HelperExamples = {
+  helper: 'isObservable',
+  category: 'observable',
+  examples: [
+    {
+      title: 'Detect an RxJS Observable or Subject',
+      description: 'Returns true for Observable, Subject, BehaviorSubject, and any duck-typed observable.',
+      code: `import { Observable, Subject } from 'rxjs';
+isObservable(new Observable())  // => true
+isObservable(new Subject())     // => true
+isObservable(Promise.resolve()) // => false
+isObservable({})                // => false`,
+      assert: () => {
+        if (!isObservable(new Observable())) throw new Error('Observable should return true');
+        if (!isObservable(new Subject())) throw new Error('Subject should return true');
+        if (isObservable(Promise.resolve())) throw new Error('Promise should return false');
+        if (isObservable({})) throw new Error('{} should return false');
+      },
+    },
+    {
+      title: 'Accept either an Observable or a plain value',
+      description: 'Use as a guard to normalize inputs that may be Observables or raw values.',
+      code: `import { Observable, of } from 'rxjs';
+function toObservable<T>(value: T | Observable<T>): Observable<T> {
+  return isObservable(value) ? value : of(value);
+}`,
+      assert: () => {
+        if (isObservable(null)) throw new Error('null should return false');
+        if (isObservable({ subscribe: () => {} })) throw new Error('missing pipe should return false');
+      },
+    },
+  ],
+};
+
+export default examples;
diff --git a/helpers/observable/isObservable.spec.ts b/helpers/observable/isObservable.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d347e6a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/observable/isObservable.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import * as fc from 'fast-check';
+import { Observable, Subject } from 'rxjs';
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isObservable } from './isObservable';
+
+describe('isObservable — property-based', () => {
+  it('primitives are never observables', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.oneof(fc.string(), fc.integer(), fc.boolean()), (value) => {
+        expect(isObservable(value)).toBe(false);
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+describe('isObservable — contract', () => {
+  it('null → false', () => expect(isObservable(null)).toBe(false));
+  it('undefined → false', () => expect(isObservable(undefined)).toBe(false));
+  it('{} → false', () => expect(isObservable({})).toBe(false));
+  it('Promise → false', () => expect(isObservable(Promise.resolve())).toBe(false));
+  it('{ subscribe: fn } only → false (pipe missing)', () => expect(isObservable({ subscribe: () => {} })).toBe(false));
+  it('{ pipe: fn } only → false (subscribe missing)', () => expect(isObservable({ pipe: () => {} })).toBe(false));
+  it('Observable → true', () => expect(isObservable(new Observable())).toBe(true));
+  it('Subject → true', () => expect(isObservable(new Subject())).toBe(true));
+  it('non-fn subscribe → false', () => expect(isObservable({ subscribe: 'x', pipe: () => {} })).toBe(false));
+  it('non-fn pipe → false', () => expect(isObservable({ subscribe: () => {}, pipe: 'x' })).toBe(false));
+});
diff --git a/helpers/observable/isObservable.test.ts b/helpers/observable/isObservable.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bb25ef85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/observable/isObservable.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import { BehaviorSubject, Observable, ReplaySubject, Subject } from 'rxjs';
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isObservable } from './isObservable';
+
+describe('isObservable', () => {
+  it('should return true for Observable instances', () => {
+    expect(isObservable(new Observable())).toBe(true);
+    expect(isObservable(new Observable((obs) => { obs.next(1); }))).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return true for Subject variants', () => {
+    expect(isObservable(new Subject())).toBe(true);
+    expect(isObservable(new BehaviorSubject(0))).toBe(true);
+    expect(isObservable(new ReplaySubject(1))).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return true for objects with subscribe and pipe functions', () => {
+    expect(isObservable({ subscribe: () => {}, pipe: () => {} })).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false when subscribe is missing', () => {
+    expect(isObservable({ pipe: () => {} })).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false when pipe is missing', () => {
+    expect(isObservable({ subscribe: () => {} })).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false when methods are not functions', () => {
+    expect(isObservable({ subscribe: 'x', pipe: () => {} })).toBe(false);
+    expect(isObservable({ subscribe: () => {}, pipe: 'x' })).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for Promises', () => {
+    expect(isObservable(Promise.resolve())).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for null and undefined', () => {
+    expect(isObservable(null)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isObservable(undefined)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for primitives and plain objects', () => {
+    expect(isObservable(42)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isObservable('observable')).toBe(false);
+    expect(isObservable({})).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/helpers/observable/isObservable.ts b/helpers/observable/isObservable.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..68587ed5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/observable/isObservable.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import type { Observable } from 'rxjs';
+
+/**
+ * Checks if a value is an RxJS Observable or any compatible observable.
+ *
+ * Uses duck-typing: returns `true` for any object with both `.subscribe()` and
+ * `.pipe()` methods, covering `Observable`, `Subject`, `BehaviorSubject`,
+ * `ReplaySubject`, and any RxJS-compatible observable implementation.
+ *
+ * @param value - The value to check
+ * @returns `true` if value is observable-like
+ * @example
+ * import { Observable, Subject } from 'rxjs';
+ * isObservable(new Observable())  // => true
+ * isObservable(new Subject())     // => true
+ * isObservable(Promise.resolve()) // => false
+ * isObservable({})                // => false
+ * @since next
+ */
+export function isObservable(value: unknown): value is Observable<unknown> {
+  return (
+    // Intentionally `object`-only, unlike `isPromiseLike` (see type/isPromiseLike.ts):
+    // a callable function exposing `.subscribe()`/`.pipe()` would be an unusual,
+    // contrived observable shape.
+    value !== null &&
+    typeof value === 'object' &&
+    typeof (value as Record<string, unknown>)['subscribe'] === 'function' &&
+    typeof (value as Record<string, unknown>)['pipe'] === 'function'
+  );
+}

From 66aa7b253c433d6858340e4838f2a9734557030b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: baxyz <baxyz@etik.com>
Date: Sun, 14 Jun 2026 20:01:49 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 10/34] =?UTF-8?q?feat(type):=20=E2=9C=A8=20add=20isArrayLi?=
 =?UTF-8?q?ke=20function=20and=20examples=20-=20implement=20isArrayLike=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?to=20check=20array-like=20values=20-=20add=20examples=20for=20u?=
 =?UTF-8?q?sage=20and=20assertions=20-=20create=20property-based=20and=20c?=
 =?UTF-8?q?ontract=20tests=20for=20isArrayLike?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 helpers/type/isArrayLike.example.ts | 54 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/type/isArrayLike.spec.ts    | 58 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/type/isArrayLike.test.ts    | 58 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/type/isArrayLike.ts         | 32 ++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 202 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 helpers/type/isArrayLike.example.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/type/isArrayLike.spec.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/type/isArrayLike.test.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/type/isArrayLike.ts

diff --git a/helpers/type/isArrayLike.example.ts b/helpers/type/isArrayLike.example.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..39e38189
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/type/isArrayLike.example.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import type { HelperExamples } from '../../scripts/examples/types';
+import { isArrayLike } from './isArrayLike';
+
+const examples: HelperExamples = {
+  helper: 'isArrayLike',
+  category: 'type',
+  examples: [
+    {
+      title: 'Detect array-like values',
+      description: 'Arrays, strings, and objects with a non-negative integer length are array-like.',
+      code: `isArrayLike([1, 2, 3])       // => true
+isArrayLike('hello')         // => true
+isArrayLike({ length: 3 })   // => true
+isArrayLike({ length: -1 })  // => false
+isArrayLike(() => {})        // => false  (functions excluded)
+isArrayLike(null)            // => false`,
+      assert: () => {
+        if (!isArrayLike([1, 2])) throw new Error('array should be array-like');
+        if (!isArrayLike('hello')) throw new Error('string should be array-like');
+        if (!isArrayLike({ length: 3 })) throw new Error('{length:3} should be array-like');
+        if (isArrayLike({ length: -1 })) throw new Error('{length:-1} should not be array-like');
+        if (isArrayLike(() => {})) throw new Error('function should not be array-like');
+      },
+    },
+    {
+      title: 'Convert an array-like value to an array',
+      description: 'Use as a guard before Array.from().',
+      code: `function toArray(value: unknown): unknown[] {
+  if (isArrayLike(value)) return Array.from(value);
+  return [value];
+}
+toArray([1, 2])       // => [1, 2]
+toArray('abc')        // => ['a', 'b', 'c']
+toArray(42)           // => [42]`,
+      assert: () => {
+        function toArray(value: unknown): unknown[] {
+          if (isArrayLike(value)) return Array.from(value);
+          return [value];
+        }
+        if (toArray([1, 2]).length !== 2) throw new Error('Expected length 2');
+        if (toArray('abc').length !== 3) throw new Error('Expected length 3');
+        if (toArray(42).length !== 1) throw new Error('Expected [42]');
+      },
+    },
+  ],
+};
+
+export default examples;
diff --git a/helpers/type/isArrayLike.spec.ts b/helpers/type/isArrayLike.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..be95cf6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/type/isArrayLike.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import * as fc from 'fast-check';
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isArrayLike } from './isArrayLike';
+
+describe('isArrayLike — property-based', () => {
+  it('arrays are always array-like', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.array(fc.anything()), (arr) => {
+        expect(isArrayLike(arr)).toBe(true);
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('strings are always array-like', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.string(), (str) => {
+        expect(isArrayLike(str)).toBe(true);
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('objects with non-negative integer length are array-like', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.integer({ min: 0, max: 100_000 }), (len) => {
+        expect(isArrayLike({ length: len })).toBe(true);
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('booleans are never array-like', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.boolean(), (value) => {
+        expect(isArrayLike(value)).toBe(false);
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+describe('isArrayLike — contract', () => {
+  it('null → false', () => expect(isArrayLike(null)).toBe(false));
+  it('undefined → false', () => expect(isArrayLike(undefined)).toBe(false));
+  it('[] → true', () => expect(isArrayLike([])).toBe(true));
+  it('"" → true', () => expect(isArrayLike('')).toBe(true));
+  it('{ length: 0 } → true', () => expect(isArrayLike({ length: 0 })).toBe(true));
+  it('{ length: -1 } → false', () => expect(isArrayLike({ length: -1 })).toBe(false));
+  it('{ length: 1.5 } → false', () => expect(isArrayLike({ length: 1.5 })).toBe(false));
+  it('{ length: NaN } → false', () => expect(isArrayLike({ length: NaN })).toBe(false));
+  it('{ length: Infinity } → false', () => expect(isArrayLike({ length: Infinity })).toBe(false));
+  it('{} → false (no length)', () => expect(isArrayLike({})).toBe(false));
+  it('function → false', () => expect(isArrayLike(() => {})).toBe(false));
+  it('42 → false', () => expect(isArrayLike(42)).toBe(false));
+});
diff --git a/helpers/type/isArrayLike.test.ts b/helpers/type/isArrayLike.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ec4d1cb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/type/isArrayLike.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isArrayLike } from './isArrayLike';
+
+describe('isArrayLike', () => {
+  it('should return true for arrays', () => {
+    expect(isArrayLike([])).toBe(true);
+    expect(isArrayLike([1, 2, 3])).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return true for strings', () => {
+    expect(isArrayLike('')).toBe(true);
+    expect(isArrayLike('hello')).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return true for objects with valid length', () => {
+    expect(isArrayLike({ length: 0 })).toBe(true);
+    expect(isArrayLike({ length: 3 })).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return true for typed arrays', () => {
+    expect(isArrayLike(new Uint8Array(4))).toBe(true);
+    expect(isArrayLike(new Int32Array(2))).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for objects with invalid length', () => {
+    expect(isArrayLike({ length: -1 })).toBe(false);
+    expect(isArrayLike({ length: 1.5 })).toBe(false);
+    expect(isArrayLike({ length: NaN })).toBe(false);
+    expect(isArrayLike({ length: Infinity })).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for objects without length', () => {
+    expect(isArrayLike({})).toBe(false);
+    expect(isArrayLike({ a: 1 })).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for functions', () => {
+    expect(isArrayLike(() => {})).toBe(false);
+    expect(isArrayLike(function named() {})).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for null and undefined', () => {
+    expect(isArrayLike(null)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isArrayLike(undefined)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for non-object primitives', () => {
+    expect(isArrayLike(42)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isArrayLike(true)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isArrayLike(Symbol('x'))).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/helpers/type/isArrayLike.ts b/helpers/type/isArrayLike.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1a679c11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/type/isArrayLike.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Checks if a value is array-like: has a non-negative integer `length` property.
+ *
+ * Returns `true` for arrays, strings, `arguments` objects, `NodeList`, typed
+ * arrays, and any object with a valid `length`. Functions are excluded even though
+ * they have a `length` (arity), as they are not considered array-like in practice.
+ *
+ * @param value - The value to check
+ * @returns `true` if value is array-like
+ * @example
+ * isArrayLike([1, 2, 3])       // => true
+ * isArrayLike('hello')         // => true
+ * isArrayLike({ length: 2 })   // => true
+ * isArrayLike({ length: -1 })  // => false  (negative length)
+ * isArrayLike({ length: 1.5 }) // => false  (non-integer length)
+ * isArrayLike(() => {})        // => false  (functions excluded)
+ * isArrayLike(null)            // => false
+ * @since next
+ */
+export function isArrayLike(value: unknown): value is ArrayLike<unknown> {
+  if (value == null) return false;
+  const t = typeof value;
+  if (t !== 'object' && t !== 'string') return false;
+  const len = (value as ArrayLike<unknown>).length;
+  return typeof len === 'number' && Number.isInteger(len) && len >= 0;
+}

From 23b5060b440af3c6f7f92452c1c3c2af6818f8d0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: baxyz <baxyz@etik.com>
Date: Sun, 14 Jun 2026 20:01:59 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 11/34] =?UTF-8?q?feat(type):=20=E2=9C=A8=20add=20isAsyncGe?=
 =?UTF-8?q?nerator=20function=20and=20examples=20-=20implement=20isAsyncGe?=
 =?UTF-8?q?nerator=20to=20check=20async=20generator=20instances=20-=20add?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20examples=20for=20usage=20and=20assertions=20-=20create=20tes?=
 =?UTF-8?q?ts=20for=20isAsyncGenerator=20functionality?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 helpers/type/isAsyncGenerator.example.ts | 44 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/type/isAsyncGenerator.spec.ts    | 38 ++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/type/isAsyncGenerator.test.ts    | 40 +++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/type/isAsyncGenerator.ts         | 25 ++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 147 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 helpers/type/isAsyncGenerator.example.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/type/isAsyncGenerator.spec.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/type/isAsyncGenerator.test.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/type/isAsyncGenerator.ts

diff --git a/helpers/type/isAsyncGenerator.example.ts b/helpers/type/isAsyncGenerator.example.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..26014851
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/type/isAsyncGenerator.example.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import type { HelperExamples } from '../../scripts/examples/types';
+import { isAsyncGenerator } from './isAsyncGenerator';
+
+const examples: HelperExamples = {
+  helper: 'isAsyncGenerator',
+  category: 'type',
+  examples: [
+    {
+      title: 'Detect an async generator instance',
+      description: 'Returns true only for the object produced by calling an async function*.',
+      code: `async function* gen() { yield 1; }
+isAsyncGenerator(gen())  // => true   (instance)
+isAsyncGenerator(gen)    // => false  (function)
+isAsyncGenerator([])     // => false`,
+      assert: () => {
+        async function* gen() { yield 1; }
+        if (!isAsyncGenerator(gen())) throw new Error('async generator instance should return true');
+        if (isAsyncGenerator(gen)) throw new Error('async generator function should return false');
+      },
+    },
+    {
+      title: 'Distinguish async from sync generators',
+      description: 'isAsyncGenerator is false for sync generator instances.',
+      code: `function* sync() { yield 1; }
+async function* async_() { yield 1; }
+isAsyncGenerator(sync())   // => false
+isAsyncGenerator(async_()) // => true`,
+      assert: () => {
+        function* sync() { yield 1; }
+        async function* asyncGen() { yield 1; }
+        if (isAsyncGenerator(sync())) throw new Error('sync generator should return false');
+        if (!isAsyncGenerator(asyncGen())) throw new Error('async generator should return true');
+      },
+    },
+  ],
+};
+
+export default examples;
diff --git a/helpers/type/isAsyncGenerator.spec.ts b/helpers/type/isAsyncGenerator.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fd08763d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/type/isAsyncGenerator.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import * as fc from 'fast-check';
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isAsyncGenerator } from './isAsyncGenerator';
+
+describe('isAsyncGenerator — property-based', () => {
+  it('primitives are never async generators', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.oneof(fc.string(), fc.integer(), fc.boolean()), (value) => {
+        expect(isAsyncGenerator(value)).toBe(false);
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+describe('isAsyncGenerator — contract', () => {
+  it('null → false', () => expect(isAsyncGenerator(null)).toBe(false));
+  it('undefined → false', () => expect(isAsyncGenerator(undefined)).toBe(false));
+  it('{} → false', () => expect(isAsyncGenerator({})).toBe(false));
+  it('sync generator instance → false', () => {
+    function* gen() { yield 1; }
+    expect(isAsyncGenerator(gen())).toBe(false);
+  });
+  it('async generator function → false (not an instance)', () => {
+    async function* gen() { yield 1; }
+    expect(isAsyncGenerator(gen)).toBe(false);
+  });
+  it('async generator instance → true', () => {
+    async function* gen() { yield 1; }
+    expect(isAsyncGenerator(gen())).toBe(true);
+  });
+  it('Promise → false', () => expect(isAsyncGenerator(Promise.resolve())).toBe(false));
+});
diff --git a/helpers/type/isAsyncGenerator.test.ts b/helpers/type/isAsyncGenerator.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..943ca63f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/type/isAsyncGenerator.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isAsyncGenerator } from './isAsyncGenerator';
+
+describe('isAsyncGenerator', () => {
+  it('should return true for async generator instances', () => {
+    async function* gen() { yield 1; }
+    expect(isAsyncGenerator(gen())).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return true for partially consumed async generators', () => {
+    async function* gen() { yield 1; yield 2; }
+    const g = gen();
+    void g.next();
+    expect(isAsyncGenerator(g)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for async generator functions', () => {
+    async function* gen() { yield 1; }
+    expect(isAsyncGenerator(gen)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for sync generators', () => {
+    function* gen() { yield 1; }
+    expect(isAsyncGenerator(gen())).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for other values', () => {
+    expect(isAsyncGenerator(null)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isAsyncGenerator(undefined)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isAsyncGenerator(42)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isAsyncGenerator({})).toBe(false);
+    expect(isAsyncGenerator([])).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/helpers/type/isAsyncGenerator.ts b/helpers/type/isAsyncGenerator.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..70bb4b31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/type/isAsyncGenerator.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Checks if a value is an async generator object (the result of calling an `async function*`).
+ *
+ * Distinct from {@link isAsyncGeneratorFunction}: this predicate targets the
+ * *instance* produced by calling an async generator function, not the function itself.
+ *
+ * @param value - The value to check
+ * @returns `true` if value is an AsyncGenerator instance
+ * @example
+ * async function* gen() { yield 1; }
+ * isAsyncGenerator(gen())   // => true
+ * isAsyncGenerator(gen)     // => false  (function, not instance)
+ * isAsyncGenerator([])      // => false
+ * @see {@link isAsyncGeneratorFunction}
+ * @since next
+ */
+export function isAsyncGenerator(value: unknown): value is AsyncGenerator<unknown, unknown, unknown> {
+  return Object.prototype.toString.call(value) === '[object AsyncGenerator]';
+}

From cf850ba371555429d6efac9c22f973539c6bc480 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: baxyz <baxyz@etik.com>
Date: Sun, 14 Jun 2026 20:02:10 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 12/34] =?UTF-8?q?feat(type):=20=E2=9C=A8=20add=20isAsyncGe?=
 =?UTF-8?q?neratorFunction=20with=20examples=20and=20tests=20-=20implement?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20isAsyncGeneratorFunction=20to=20check=20async=20generator=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?functions=20-=20add=20examples=20for=20usage=20in=20isAsyncGene?=
 =?UTF-8?q?ratorFunction.example.ts=20-=20create=20tests=20for=20isAsyncGe?=
 =?UTF-8?q?neratorFunction=20in=20isAsyncGeneratorFunction.spec.ts=20-=20a?=
 =?UTF-8?q?dd=20additional=20tests=20in=20isAsyncGeneratorFunction.test.ts?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 .../type/isAsyncGeneratorFunction.example.ts  | 45 +++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/type/isAsyncGeneratorFunction.spec.ts | 41 +++++++++++++++++
 helpers/type/isAsyncGeneratorFunction.test.ts | 43 ++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/type/isAsyncGeneratorFunction.ts      | 25 +++++++++++
 4 files changed, 154 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 helpers/type/isAsyncGeneratorFunction.example.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/type/isAsyncGeneratorFunction.spec.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/type/isAsyncGeneratorFunction.test.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/type/isAsyncGeneratorFunction.ts

diff --git a/helpers/type/isAsyncGeneratorFunction.example.ts b/helpers/type/isAsyncGeneratorFunction.example.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5a4264bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/type/isAsyncGeneratorFunction.example.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import type { HelperExamples } from '../../scripts/examples/types';
+import { isAsyncGeneratorFunction } from './isAsyncGeneratorFunction';
+
+const examples: HelperExamples = {
+  helper: 'isAsyncGeneratorFunction',
+  category: 'type',
+  examples: [
+    {
+      title: 'Detect an async generator function',
+      description: 'Returns true for async function* declarations and expressions.',
+      code: `async function* gen() { yield 1; }
+isAsyncGeneratorFunction(gen)         // => true
+isAsyncGeneratorFunction(gen())       // => false  (instance)
+isAsyncGeneratorFunction(async () => {}) // => false`,
+      assert: () => {
+        async function* gen() { yield 1; }
+        if (!isAsyncGeneratorFunction(gen)) throw new Error('should be async generator function');
+        if (isAsyncGeneratorFunction(gen())) throw new Error('instance should return false');
+        if (isAsyncGeneratorFunction(async () => {})) throw new Error('async fn should return false');
+      },
+    },
+    {
+      title: 'Distinguish async generator functions from sync generator functions',
+      description: 'isAsyncGeneratorFunction is false for sync function*.',
+      code: `function* sync() { yield 1; }
+async function* async_() { yield 1; }
+isAsyncGeneratorFunction(sync)   // => false
+isAsyncGeneratorFunction(async_) // => true`,
+      assert: () => {
+        function* sync() { yield 1; }
+        async function* asyncGen() { yield 1; }
+        if (isAsyncGeneratorFunction(sync)) throw new Error('sync gen fn should return false');
+        if (!isAsyncGeneratorFunction(asyncGen)) throw new Error('async gen fn should return true');
+      },
+    },
+  ],
+};
+
+export default examples;
diff --git a/helpers/type/isAsyncGeneratorFunction.spec.ts b/helpers/type/isAsyncGeneratorFunction.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..62419089
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/type/isAsyncGeneratorFunction.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import * as fc from 'fast-check';
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isAsyncGeneratorFunction } from './isAsyncGeneratorFunction';
+
+describe('isAsyncGeneratorFunction — property-based', () => {
+  it('primitives are never async generator functions', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.oneof(fc.string(), fc.integer(), fc.boolean()), (value) => {
+        expect(isAsyncGeneratorFunction(value)).toBe(false);
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+describe('isAsyncGeneratorFunction — contract', () => {
+  it('null → false', () => expect(isAsyncGeneratorFunction(null)).toBe(false));
+  it('undefined → false', () => expect(isAsyncGeneratorFunction(undefined)).toBe(false));
+  it('regular function → false', () => expect(isAsyncGeneratorFunction(() => {})).toBe(false));
+  it('async function → false', () => expect(isAsyncGeneratorFunction(async () => {})).toBe(false));
+  it('sync generator function → false', () => {
+    function* gen() { yield 1; }
+    expect(isAsyncGeneratorFunction(gen)).toBe(false);
+  });
+  it('async generator instance → false (not a function)', () => {
+    async function* gen() { yield 1; }
+    expect(isAsyncGeneratorFunction(gen())).toBe(false);
+  });
+  it('async function* → true', () => {
+    async function* gen() { yield 1; }
+    expect(isAsyncGeneratorFunction(gen)).toBe(true);
+  });
+  it('async function* expression → true', () => {
+    expect(isAsyncGeneratorFunction(async function* () { yield 1; })).toBe(true);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/helpers/type/isAsyncGeneratorFunction.test.ts b/helpers/type/isAsyncGeneratorFunction.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..eb6180dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/type/isAsyncGeneratorFunction.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isAsyncGeneratorFunction } from './isAsyncGeneratorFunction';
+
+describe('isAsyncGeneratorFunction', () => {
+  it('should return true for async function* declarations', () => {
+    async function* gen() { yield 1; }
+    expect(isAsyncGeneratorFunction(gen)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return true for async function* expressions', () => {
+    const gen = async function* () { yield 1; };
+    expect(isAsyncGeneratorFunction(gen)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for async generator instances', () => {
+    async function* gen() { yield 1; }
+    expect(isAsyncGeneratorFunction(gen())).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for sync generator functions', () => {
+    function* gen() { yield 1; }
+    expect(isAsyncGeneratorFunction(gen)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for regular and async functions', () => {
+    expect(isAsyncGeneratorFunction(() => {})).toBe(false);
+    expect(isAsyncGeneratorFunction(async () => {})).toBe(false);
+    expect(isAsyncGeneratorFunction(function () {})).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for null, undefined and other types', () => {
+    expect(isAsyncGeneratorFunction(null)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isAsyncGeneratorFunction(undefined)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isAsyncGeneratorFunction(42)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isAsyncGeneratorFunction({})).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/helpers/type/isAsyncGeneratorFunction.ts b/helpers/type/isAsyncGeneratorFunction.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..32f48517
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/type/isAsyncGeneratorFunction.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Checks if a value is an async generator function (an `async function*` declaration or expression).
+ *
+ * Distinct from {@link isAsyncGenerator}: this predicate targets the *function* itself,
+ * not the async iterator it produces when called.
+ *
+ * @param value - The value to check
+ * @returns `true` if value is an AsyncGeneratorFunction
+ * @example
+ * async function* gen() { yield 1; }
+ * isAsyncGeneratorFunction(gen)         // => true
+ * isAsyncGeneratorFunction(gen())       // => false  (instance, not function)
+ * isAsyncGeneratorFunction(async () => {}) // => false
+ * @see {@link isAsyncGenerator}
+ * @since next
+ */
+export function isAsyncGeneratorFunction(value: unknown): value is AsyncGeneratorFunction {
+  return Object.prototype.toString.call(value) === '[object AsyncGeneratorFunction]';
+}

From afef1e0d8313fd0fd6953eb9c389e5f817b4696d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: baxyz <baxyz@etik.com>
Date: Sun, 14 Jun 2026 20:02:19 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 13/34] =?UTF-8?q?feat(type):=20=E2=9C=A8=20add=20isAsyncIt?=
 =?UTF-8?q?erable=20function=20with=20examples=20and=20tests=20-=20impleme?=
 =?UTF-8?q?nt=20isAsyncIterable=20to=20check=20async=20iterable=20protocol?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20-=20add=20examples=20for=20async=20generators=20and=20custom?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20async=20iterables=20-=20create=20tests=20for=20various=20cas?=
 =?UTF-8?q?es=20including=20primitives=20and=20null?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 helpers/type/isAsyncIterable.example.ts | 45 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/type/isAsyncIterable.spec.ts    | 38 +++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/type/isAsyncIterable.test.ts    | 44 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/type/isAsyncIterable.ts         | 27 +++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 154 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 helpers/type/isAsyncIterable.example.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/type/isAsyncIterable.spec.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/type/isAsyncIterable.test.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/type/isAsyncIterable.ts

diff --git a/helpers/type/isAsyncIterable.example.ts b/helpers/type/isAsyncIterable.example.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8325d296
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/type/isAsyncIterable.example.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import type { HelperExamples } from '../../scripts/examples/types';
+import { isAsyncIterable } from './isAsyncIterable';
+
+const examples: HelperExamples = {
+  helper: 'isAsyncIterable',
+  category: 'type',
+  examples: [
+    {
+      title: 'Detect an async generator',
+      description: 'Async generators implement the async iterable protocol.',
+      code: `async function* stream() { yield 1; yield 2; }
+isAsyncIterable(stream())   // => true
+isAsyncIterable([1, 2, 3])  // => false  (Iterable, not AsyncIterable)
+isAsyncIterable('hello')    // => false`,
+      assert: () => {
+        async function* stream() { yield 1; }
+        if (!isAsyncIterable(stream())) throw new Error('async generator should be async iterable');
+        if (isAsyncIterable([1, 2])) throw new Error('array should not be async iterable');
+      },
+    },
+    {
+      title: 'Guard before for-await-of',
+      description: 'Use to type-narrow before consuming a value with for-await-of.',
+      code: `async function consume(source: unknown) {
+  if (isAsyncIterable(source)) {
+    for await (const item of source) {
+      console.log(item);
+    }
+  }
+}`,
+      assert: () => {
+        if (isAsyncIterable(null)) throw new Error('null should not be async iterable');
+        if (isAsyncIterable(undefined)) throw new Error('undefined should not be async iterable');
+      },
+    },
+  ],
+};
+
+export default examples;
diff --git a/helpers/type/isAsyncIterable.spec.ts b/helpers/type/isAsyncIterable.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fa12e6a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/type/isAsyncIterable.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import * as fc from 'fast-check';
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isAsyncIterable } from './isAsyncIterable';
+
+describe('isAsyncIterable — property-based', () => {
+  it('primitives are never async iterable', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.oneof(fc.string(), fc.integer(), fc.boolean()), (value) => {
+        expect(isAsyncIterable(value)).toBe(false);
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+describe('isAsyncIterable — contract', () => {
+  it('null → false', () => expect(isAsyncIterable(null)).toBe(false));
+  it('undefined → false', () => expect(isAsyncIterable(undefined)).toBe(false));
+  it('[] → false (Iterable, not AsyncIterable)', () => expect(isAsyncIterable([])).toBe(false));
+  it('{} → false', () => expect(isAsyncIterable({})).toBe(false));
+  it('async generator instance → true', () => {
+    async function* gen() { yield 1; }
+    expect(isAsyncIterable(gen())).toBe(true);
+  });
+  it('custom [Symbol.asyncIterator] object → true', () => {
+    const obj = { [Symbol.asyncIterator]: () => ({ async next() { return { value: undefined, done: true }; } }) };
+    expect(isAsyncIterable(obj)).toBe(true);
+  });
+  it('[Symbol.asyncIterator] must be a function, not a value', () => {
+    const obj = { [Symbol.asyncIterator]: 'not-a-function' };
+    expect(isAsyncIterable(obj)).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/helpers/type/isAsyncIterable.test.ts b/helpers/type/isAsyncIterable.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9264a2a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/type/isAsyncIterable.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isAsyncIterable } from './isAsyncIterable';
+
+describe('isAsyncIterable', () => {
+  it('should return true for async generators', () => {
+    async function* gen() { yield 1; }
+    expect(isAsyncIterable(gen())).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return true for custom async iterable objects', () => {
+    const obj = {
+      [Symbol.asyncIterator]() {
+        return { async next() { return { value: 1, done: true }; } };
+      },
+    };
+    expect(isAsyncIterable(obj)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for regular iterables (arrays, strings, generators)', () => {
+    expect(isAsyncIterable([1, 2, 3])).toBe(false);
+    expect(isAsyncIterable('hello')).toBe(false);
+    function* gen() { yield 1; }
+    expect(isAsyncIterable(gen())).toBe(false);
+    expect(isAsyncIterable(new Map())).toBe(false);
+    expect(isAsyncIterable(new Set())).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for null and undefined', () => {
+    expect(isAsyncIterable(null)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isAsyncIterable(undefined)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for plain objects and primitives', () => {
+    expect(isAsyncIterable({})).toBe(false);
+    expect(isAsyncIterable(42)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isAsyncIterable(true)).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/helpers/type/isAsyncIterable.ts b/helpers/type/isAsyncIterable.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..75276f22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/type/isAsyncIterable.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Checks if a value implements the async iterable protocol.
+ *
+ * Returns `true` for any object that has a `[Symbol.asyncIterator]()` method,
+ * including async generators. Note that regular iterables (arrays, strings, etc.)
+ * are **not** async iterables.
+ *
+ * @param value - The value to check
+ * @returns `true` if value is async iterable
+ * @example
+ * async function* gen() { yield 1; }
+ * isAsyncIterable(gen())        // => true
+ * isAsyncIterable([1, 2, 3])    // => false  (Iterable, not AsyncIterable)
+ * isAsyncIterable('hello')      // => false
+ * isAsyncIterable(null)         // => false
+ * @since next
+ */
+export function isAsyncIterable(value: unknown): value is AsyncIterable<unknown> {
+  if (value === null || value === undefined) return false;
+  return typeof (value as AsyncIterable<unknown>)[Symbol.asyncIterator] === 'function';
+}

From 19887b3999a9d5454e234b66105d4f5cf4889c05 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: baxyz <baxyz@etik.com>
Date: Sun, 14 Jun 2026 20:02:28 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 14/34] =?UTF-8?q?feat(type):=20=E2=9C=A8=20add=20isGenerat?=
 =?UTF-8?q?or=20function=20and=20related=20examples=20and=20tests=20-=20im?=
 =?UTF-8?q?plement=20isGenerator=20function=20to=20check=20for=20generator?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20instances=20-=20add=20examples=20demonstrating=20usage=20of?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20isGenerator=20-=20create=20property-based=20and=20contract?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20tests=20for=20isGenerator?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 helpers/type/isGenerator.example.ts | 47 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/type/isGenerator.spec.ts    | 42 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/type/isGenerator.test.ts    | 45 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/type/isGenerator.ts         | 25 +++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 159 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 helpers/type/isGenerator.example.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/type/isGenerator.spec.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/type/isGenerator.test.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/type/isGenerator.ts

diff --git a/helpers/type/isGenerator.example.ts b/helpers/type/isGenerator.example.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0f1303fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/type/isGenerator.example.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import type { HelperExamples } from '../../scripts/examples/types';
+import { isGenerator } from './isGenerator';
+
+const examples: HelperExamples = {
+  helper: 'isGenerator',
+  category: 'type',
+  examples: [
+    {
+      title: 'Distinguish a generator instance from its function',
+      description: 'isGenerator targets the object returned by calling a function*, not the function itself.',
+      code: `function* counter() { yield 1; yield 2; }
+isGenerator(counter())  // => true   (instance)
+isGenerator(counter)    // => false  (function)
+isGenerator([1, 2])     // => false`,
+      assert: () => {
+        function* counter() { yield 1; }
+        if (!isGenerator(counter())) throw new Error('generator instance should return true');
+        if (isGenerator(counter)) throw new Error('generator function should return false');
+      },
+    },
+    {
+      title: 'Type-narrow to safely call .next()',
+      description: 'Narrows the type to Generator so you can call .next() and .return().',
+      code: `function* gen() { yield 1; yield 2; }
+const value: unknown = gen();
+if (isGenerator(value)) {
+  const { value: v, done } = value.next();
+  // v: unknown, done: boolean | undefined
+}`,
+      assert: () => {
+        function* gen() { yield 1; }
+        const g: unknown = gen();
+        if (!isGenerator(g)) throw new Error('should be generator');
+        const { value } = g.next();
+        if (value !== 1) throw new Error('first value should be 1');
+      },
+    },
+  ],
+};
+
+export default examples;
diff --git a/helpers/type/isGenerator.spec.ts b/helpers/type/isGenerator.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..44823568
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/type/isGenerator.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import * as fc from 'fast-check';
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isGenerator } from './isGenerator';
+
+describe('isGenerator — property-based', () => {
+  it('primitives are never generators', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.oneof(fc.string(), fc.integer(), fc.boolean()), (value) => {
+        expect(isGenerator(value)).toBe(false);
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+describe('isGenerator — contract', () => {
+  it('null → false', () => expect(isGenerator(null)).toBe(false));
+  it('undefined → false', () => expect(isGenerator(undefined)).toBe(false));
+  it('{} → false', () => expect(isGenerator({})).toBe(false));
+  it('[] → false', () => expect(isGenerator([])).toBe(false));
+  it('regular function → false', () => expect(isGenerator(() => {})).toBe(false));
+  it('generator function → false (not an instance)', () => {
+    function* gen() { yield 1; }
+    expect(isGenerator(gen)).toBe(false);
+  });
+  it('generator instance → true', () => {
+    function* gen() { yield 1; }
+    expect(isGenerator(gen())).toBe(true);
+  });
+  it('async generator instance → false', () => {
+    async function* gen() { yield 1; }
+    expect(isGenerator(gen())).toBe(false);
+  });
+  it('array iterator → false', () => {
+    expect(isGenerator([1][Symbol.iterator]())).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/helpers/type/isGenerator.test.ts b/helpers/type/isGenerator.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..89d5e3bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/type/isGenerator.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isGenerator } from './isGenerator';
+
+describe('isGenerator', () => {
+  it('should return true for generator instances', () => {
+    function* gen() { yield 1; yield 2; }
+    expect(isGenerator(gen())).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return true for partially consumed generators', () => {
+    function* gen() { yield 1; yield 2; }
+    const g = gen();
+    g.next();
+    expect(isGenerator(g)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for generator functions', () => {
+    function* gen() { yield 1; }
+    expect(isGenerator(gen)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for async generators', () => {
+    async function* asyncGen() { yield 1; }
+    expect(isGenerator(asyncGen())).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for arrays, iterators and other iterables', () => {
+    expect(isGenerator([1, 2, 3])).toBe(false);
+    expect(isGenerator([1][Symbol.iterator]())).toBe(false);
+    expect(isGenerator('hello')).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for null, undefined and primitives', () => {
+    expect(isGenerator(null)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isGenerator(undefined)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isGenerator(42)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isGenerator({})).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/helpers/type/isGenerator.ts b/helpers/type/isGenerator.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d0b0cea0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/type/isGenerator.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Checks if a value is a generator object (the result of calling a `function*`).
+ *
+ * Distinct from {@link isGeneratorFunction}: this predicate targets the
+ * *instance* produced by calling a generator function, not the function itself.
+ *
+ * @param value - The value to check
+ * @returns `true` if value is a Generator instance
+ * @example
+ * function* gen() { yield 1; yield 2; }
+ * isGenerator(gen())   // => true
+ * isGenerator(gen)     // => false  (function, not instance)
+ * isGenerator([1, 2])  // => false
+ * @see {@link isGeneratorFunction}
+ * @since next
+ */
+export function isGenerator(value: unknown): value is Generator<unknown, unknown, unknown> {
+  return Object.prototype.toString.call(value) === '[object Generator]';
+}

From b76f4573284e4fcb1352123ff7f40b8f9444c4b5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: baxyz <baxyz@etik.com>
Date: Sun, 14 Jun 2026 20:02:37 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 15/34] =?UTF-8?q?feat(type):=20=E2=9C=A8=20add=20isGenerat?=
 =?UTF-8?q?orFunction=20and=20related=20examples=20and=20tests=20-=20imple?=
 =?UTF-8?q?ment=20isGeneratorFunction=20to=20check=20for=20generator=20fun?=
 =?UTF-8?q?ctions=20-=20add=20examples=20for=20detecting=20generator=20fun?=
 =?UTF-8?q?ctions=20-=20create=20property-based=20and=20contract=20tests?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20for=20isGeneratorFunction?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 helpers/type/isGeneratorFunction.example.ts | 43 +++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/type/isGeneratorFunction.spec.ts    | 41 ++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/type/isGeneratorFunction.test.ts    | 43 +++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/type/isGeneratorFunction.ts         | 25 ++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 152 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 helpers/type/isGeneratorFunction.example.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/type/isGeneratorFunction.spec.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/type/isGeneratorFunction.test.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/type/isGeneratorFunction.ts

diff --git a/helpers/type/isGeneratorFunction.example.ts b/helpers/type/isGeneratorFunction.example.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..04a98a45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/type/isGeneratorFunction.example.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import type { HelperExamples } from '../../scripts/examples/types';
+import { isGeneratorFunction } from './isGeneratorFunction';
+
+const examples: HelperExamples = {
+  helper: 'isGeneratorFunction',
+  category: 'type',
+  examples: [
+    {
+      title: 'Detect a generator function',
+      description: 'Returns true for function* declarations and expressions.',
+      code: `function* gen() { yield 1; }
+isGeneratorFunction(gen)      // => true
+isGeneratorFunction(gen())    // => false  (instance, not function)
+isGeneratorFunction(() => {}) // => false`,
+      assert: () => {
+        function* gen() { yield 1; }
+        if (!isGeneratorFunction(gen)) throw new Error('should be generator function');
+        if (isGeneratorFunction(gen())) throw new Error('instance should not be generator function');
+        if (isGeneratorFunction(() => {})) throw new Error('arrow fn should not be generator function');
+      },
+    },
+    {
+      title: 'Filter generator factories from a mixed array',
+      description: 'Use as a predicate to select only generator functions.',
+      code: `const fns = [() => {}, function* () { yield 1; }, async () => {}];
+fns.filter(isGeneratorFunction)
+// => [function* () { yield 1; }]`,
+      assert: () => {
+        const fns = [() => {}, function* () { yield 1; }, async () => {}];
+        const result = fns.filter(isGeneratorFunction);
+        if (result.length !== 1) throw new Error('Expected exactly one generator function');
+      },
+    },
+  ],
+};
+
+export default examples;
diff --git a/helpers/type/isGeneratorFunction.spec.ts b/helpers/type/isGeneratorFunction.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dba078ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/type/isGeneratorFunction.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import * as fc from 'fast-check';
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isGeneratorFunction } from './isGeneratorFunction';
+
+describe('isGeneratorFunction — property-based', () => {
+  it('primitives are never generator functions', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.oneof(fc.string(), fc.integer(), fc.boolean()), (value) => {
+        expect(isGeneratorFunction(value)).toBe(false);
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+describe('isGeneratorFunction — contract', () => {
+  it('null → false', () => expect(isGeneratorFunction(null)).toBe(false));
+  it('undefined → false', () => expect(isGeneratorFunction(undefined)).toBe(false));
+  it('regular function → false', () => expect(isGeneratorFunction(() => {})).toBe(false));
+  it('async function → false', () => expect(isGeneratorFunction(async () => {})).toBe(false));
+  it('generator instance → false (not a function)', () => {
+    function* gen() { yield 1; }
+    expect(isGeneratorFunction(gen())).toBe(false);
+  });
+  it('async generator function → false', () => {
+    async function* gen() { yield 1; }
+    expect(isGeneratorFunction(gen)).toBe(false);
+  });
+  it('function* → true', () => {
+    function* gen() { yield 1; }
+    expect(isGeneratorFunction(gen)).toBe(true);
+  });
+  it('function* expression → true', () => {
+    expect(isGeneratorFunction(function* () { yield 1; })).toBe(true);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/helpers/type/isGeneratorFunction.test.ts b/helpers/type/isGeneratorFunction.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d85e4ec8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/type/isGeneratorFunction.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isGeneratorFunction } from './isGeneratorFunction';
+
+describe('isGeneratorFunction', () => {
+  it('should return true for function* declarations', () => {
+    function* gen() { yield 1; }
+    expect(isGeneratorFunction(gen)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return true for function* expressions', () => {
+    const gen = function* () { yield 1; };
+    expect(isGeneratorFunction(gen)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for generator instances', () => {
+    function* gen() { yield 1; }
+    expect(isGeneratorFunction(gen())).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for async generator functions', () => {
+    async function* gen() { yield 1; }
+    expect(isGeneratorFunction(gen)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for regular functions', () => {
+    expect(isGeneratorFunction(() => {})).toBe(false);
+    expect(isGeneratorFunction(function () {})).toBe(false);
+    expect(isGeneratorFunction(async () => {})).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for null, undefined and other types', () => {
+    expect(isGeneratorFunction(null)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isGeneratorFunction(undefined)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isGeneratorFunction(42)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isGeneratorFunction({})).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/helpers/type/isGeneratorFunction.ts b/helpers/type/isGeneratorFunction.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5fdaf5ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/type/isGeneratorFunction.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Checks if a value is a generator function (a `function*` declaration or expression).
+ *
+ * Distinct from {@link isGenerator}: this predicate targets the *function* itself,
+ * not the iterator it produces when called.
+ *
+ * @param value - The value to check
+ * @returns `true` if value is a GeneratorFunction
+ * @example
+ * function* gen() { yield 1; }
+ * isGeneratorFunction(gen)      // => true
+ * isGeneratorFunction(gen())    // => false  (instance, not function)
+ * isGeneratorFunction(() => {}) // => false
+ * @see {@link isGenerator}
+ * @since next
+ */
+export function isGeneratorFunction(value: unknown): value is GeneratorFunction {
+  return Object.prototype.toString.call(value) === '[object GeneratorFunction]';
+}

From cb59307e8dcc6fb3b0e478dee7de4d293cf3a485 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: baxyz <baxyz@etik.com>
Date: Sun, 14 Jun 2026 20:02:45 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 16/34] =?UTF-8?q?feat(type):=20=E2=9C=A8=20add=20isPromise?=
 =?UTF-8?q?Like=20function=20with=20examples=20and=20tests=20-=20implement?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20isPromiseLike=20to=20check=20for=20thenable=20objects=20-=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?add=20examples=20for=20usage=20of=20isPromiseLike=20-=20create?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20tests=20for=20isPromiseLike=20functionality?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 helpers/type/isPromiseLike.example.ts | 43 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/type/isPromiseLike.spec.ts    | 35 +++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/type/isPromiseLike.test.ts    | 49 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/type/isPromiseLike.ts         | 34 +++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 161 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 helpers/type/isPromiseLike.example.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/type/isPromiseLike.spec.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/type/isPromiseLike.test.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/type/isPromiseLike.ts

diff --git a/helpers/type/isPromiseLike.example.ts b/helpers/type/isPromiseLike.example.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3580567d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/type/isPromiseLike.example.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import type { HelperExamples } from '../../scripts/examples/types';
+import { isPromiseLike } from './isPromiseLike';
+
+const examples: HelperExamples = {
+  helper: 'isPromiseLike',
+  category: 'type',
+  examples: [
+    {
+      title: 'Detect any thenable',
+      description: 'Returns true for native Promises and any object with a .then() method.',
+      code: `isPromiseLike(Promise.resolve(1))    // => true
+isPromiseLike({ then: () => {} })    // => true   (thenable)
+isPromiseLike(42)                    // => false
+isPromiseLike(null)                  // => false
+isPromiseLike({ then: 'not-a-fn' }) // => false`,
+      assert: () => {
+        if (!isPromiseLike(Promise.resolve(1))) throw new Error('Promise should be PromiseLike');
+        if (!isPromiseLike({ then: () => {} })) throw new Error('thenable should be PromiseLike');
+        if (isPromiseLike(42)) throw new Error('number should not be PromiseLike');
+        if (isPromiseLike({ then: 'not-a-fn' })) throw new Error('non-fn then should return false');
+      },
+    },
+    {
+      title: 'Handle both Promises and thenables in a utility',
+      description: 'Use isPromiseLike to accept any thenable, not just native Promises.',
+      code: `function toPromise<T>(value: T | PromiseLike<T>): Promise<T> {
+  if (isPromiseLike(value)) return Promise.resolve(value);
+  return Promise.resolve(value);
+}`,
+      assert: () => {
+        if (!isPromiseLike(new Promise(() => {}))) throw new Error('Promise should pass');
+      },
+    },
+  ],
+};
+
+export default examples;
diff --git a/helpers/type/isPromiseLike.spec.ts b/helpers/type/isPromiseLike.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..919ab7d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/type/isPromiseLike.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import * as fc from 'fast-check';
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isPromiseLike } from './isPromiseLike';
+
+describe('isPromiseLike — property-based', () => {
+  it('primitives are never PromiseLike', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.oneof(fc.string(), fc.integer(), fc.boolean()), (value) => {
+        expect(isPromiseLike(value)).toBe(false);
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+describe('isPromiseLike — contract', () => {
+  it('null → false', () => expect(isPromiseLike(null)).toBe(false));
+  it('undefined → false', () => expect(isPromiseLike(undefined)).toBe(false));
+  it('Promise.resolve() → true', () => expect(isPromiseLike(Promise.resolve())).toBe(true));
+  it('{ then: fn } → true', () => expect(isPromiseLike({ then: () => {} })).toBe(true));
+  it('{ then: non-fn } → false', () => expect(isPromiseLike({ then: 42 })).toBe(false));
+  it('{} → false', () => expect(isPromiseLike({})).toBe(false));
+  it('function with .then → true', () => {
+    const fn = Object.assign(() => {}, { then: () => {} });
+    expect(isPromiseLike(fn)).toBe(true);
+  });
+  it('function without .then → false', () => {
+    expect(isPromiseLike(() => {})).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/helpers/type/isPromiseLike.test.ts b/helpers/type/isPromiseLike.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6d762570
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/type/isPromiseLike.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isPromiseLike } from './isPromiseLike';
+
+describe('isPromiseLike', () => {
+  it('should return true for native Promises', () => {
+    expect(isPromiseLike(Promise.resolve(1))).toBe(true);
+    expect(isPromiseLike(new Promise(() => {}))).toBe(true);
+    expect(isPromiseLike(Promise.reject(new Error('x')).catch(() => {}))).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return true for objects with a then method', () => {
+    expect(isPromiseLike({ then: () => {} })).toBe(true);
+    expect(isPromiseLike({ then: () => {}, catch: () => {} })).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return true for functions with a then method', () => {
+    const fn = Object.assign(() => {}, { then: () => {} });
+    expect(isPromiseLike(fn)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false when then is not a function', () => {
+    expect(isPromiseLike({ then: 'not-a-function' })).toBe(false);
+    expect(isPromiseLike({ then: null })).toBe(false);
+    expect(isPromiseLike({ then: 42 })).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for null', () => {
+    expect(isPromiseLike(null)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for primitives', () => {
+    expect(isPromiseLike(42)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isPromiseLike('hello')).toBe(false);
+    expect(isPromiseLike(true)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isPromiseLike(Symbol('x'))).toBe(false);
+    expect(isPromiseLike(undefined)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for objects without then', () => {
+    expect(isPromiseLike({})).toBe(false);
+    expect(isPromiseLike([])).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/helpers/type/isPromiseLike.ts b/helpers/type/isPromiseLike.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..61a6926e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/type/isPromiseLike.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Checks if a value is a thenable (has a `.then()` method).
+ *
+ * Looser than {@link isPromise}: accepts any object or function with a `then`
+ * method, including non-standard Promise implementations without `.catch()`.
+ * Follows the Promise/A+ specification for thenables.
+ *
+ * @param value - The value to check
+ * @returns `true` if value is a PromiseLike (thenable)
+ * @example
+ * isPromiseLike(Promise.resolve(1))         // => true
+ * isPromiseLike({ then: () => {} })         // => true   (thenable)
+ * isPromiseLike({ then: 'not-a-function' }) // => false
+ * isPromiseLike(42)                         // => false
+ * isPromiseLike(null)                       // => false
+ * @see {@link isPromise} for a stricter check that also requires `.catch()`
+ * @since next
+ */
+export function isPromiseLike(value: unknown): value is PromiseLike<unknown> {
+  return (
+    // Unlike isNodeStream/isObservable, also accepts `function`: a callable
+    // exposing `.then()` (e.g. an async function with a `then` property attached)
+    // is a realistic thenable shape per the Promise/A+ spec.
+    value !== null &&
+    (typeof value === 'object' || typeof value === 'function') &&
+    typeof (value as PromiseLike<unknown>).then === 'function'
+  );
+}

From dd37945b333676070986cf9e45b9f8a9770de4c5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: baxyz <baxyz@etik.com>
Date: Sun, 14 Jun 2026 20:02:54 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 17/34] =?UTF-8?q?feat(type):=20=E2=9C=A8=20add=20isPropert?=
 =?UTF-8?q?yKey=20function=20with=20examples=20and=20tests=20-=20implement?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20isPropertyKey=20to=20validate=20property=20keys=20-=20add=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?examples=20for=20valid=20and=20invalid=20property=20keys=20-=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?create=20property-based=20tests=20for=20isPropertyKey=20-=20add?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20contract=20tests=20for=20isPropertyKey?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 helpers/type/isPropertyKey.example.ts | 51 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/type/isPropertyKey.spec.ts    | 48 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/type/isPropertyKey.test.ts    | 50 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/type/isPropertyKey.ts         | 24 +++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 173 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 helpers/type/isPropertyKey.example.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/type/isPropertyKey.spec.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/type/isPropertyKey.test.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/type/isPropertyKey.ts

diff --git a/helpers/type/isPropertyKey.example.ts b/helpers/type/isPropertyKey.example.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c6b42279
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/type/isPropertyKey.example.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import type { HelperExamples } from '../../scripts/examples/types';
+import { isPropertyKey } from './isPropertyKey';
+
+const examples: HelperExamples = {
+  helper: 'isPropertyKey',
+  category: 'type',
+  examples: [
+    {
+      title: 'Detect valid property keys',
+      description: 'Strings, numbers, and symbols are valid property keys.',
+      code: `isPropertyKey('name')        // => true
+isPropertyKey(42)            // => true
+isPropertyKey(Symbol('id'))  // => true
+isPropertyKey(null)          // => false
+isPropertyKey(true)          // => false`,
+      assert: () => {
+        if (!isPropertyKey('name')) throw new Error("'name' should be a property key");
+        if (!isPropertyKey(42)) throw new Error('42 should be a property key');
+        if (!isPropertyKey(Symbol('id'))) throw new Error('Symbol should be a property key');
+        if (isPropertyKey(null)) throw new Error('null should not be a property key');
+        if (isPropertyKey(true)) throw new Error('boolean should not be a property key');
+      },
+    },
+    {
+      title: 'Safe dynamic property access',
+      description: 'Use as a guard before indexing an object with an unknown key.',
+      code: `function get(obj: Record<PropertyKey, unknown>, key: unknown): unknown {
+  if (isPropertyKey(key)) return obj[key];
+  return undefined;
+}
+get({ a: 1 }, 'a')    // => 1
+get({ a: 1 }, null)   // => undefined`,
+      assert: () => {
+        function get(obj: Record<PropertyKey, unknown>, key: unknown): unknown {
+          if (isPropertyKey(key)) return obj[key];
+          return undefined;
+        }
+        if (get({ a: 1 }, 'a') !== 1) throw new Error('Expected 1');
+        if (get({ a: 1 }, null) !== undefined) throw new Error('Expected undefined');
+      },
+    },
+  ],
+};
+
+export default examples;
diff --git a/helpers/type/isPropertyKey.spec.ts b/helpers/type/isPropertyKey.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e5908fab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/type/isPropertyKey.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import * as fc from 'fast-check';
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isPropertyKey } from './isPropertyKey';
+
+describe('isPropertyKey — property-based', () => {
+  it('any string is a property key', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.string(), (value) => {
+        expect(isPropertyKey(value)).toBe(true);
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('any number is a property key', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.float({ noNaN: false }), (value) => {
+        expect(isPropertyKey(value)).toBe(true);
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('booleans are never property keys', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.boolean(), (value) => {
+        expect(isPropertyKey(value)).toBe(false);
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+describe('isPropertyKey — contract', () => {
+  it('"" → true', () => expect(isPropertyKey('')).toBe(true));
+  it('0 → true', () => expect(isPropertyKey(0)).toBe(true));
+  it('NaN → true (NaN is a number)', () => expect(isPropertyKey(NaN)).toBe(true));
+  it('Symbol() → true', () => expect(isPropertyKey(Symbol())).toBe(true));
+  it('Symbol.iterator → true', () => expect(isPropertyKey(Symbol.iterator)).toBe(true));
+  it('null → false', () => expect(isPropertyKey(null)).toBe(false));
+  it('undefined → false', () => expect(isPropertyKey(undefined)).toBe(false));
+  it('{} → false', () => expect(isPropertyKey({})).toBe(false));
+  it('[] → false', () => expect(isPropertyKey([])).toBe(false));
+  it('BigInt → false', () => expect(isPropertyKey(BigInt(1))).toBe(false));
+});
diff --git a/helpers/type/isPropertyKey.test.ts b/helpers/type/isPropertyKey.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..68afac7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/type/isPropertyKey.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isPropertyKey } from './isPropertyKey';
+
+describe('isPropertyKey', () => {
+  it('should return true for strings', () => {
+    expect(isPropertyKey('')).toBe(true);
+    expect(isPropertyKey('name')).toBe(true);
+    expect(isPropertyKey('0')).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return true for numbers', () => {
+    expect(isPropertyKey(0)).toBe(true);
+    expect(isPropertyKey(42)).toBe(true);
+    expect(isPropertyKey(-1)).toBe(true);
+    expect(isPropertyKey(NaN)).toBe(true);
+    expect(isPropertyKey(Infinity)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return true for symbols', () => {
+    expect(isPropertyKey(Symbol('id'))).toBe(true);
+    expect(isPropertyKey(Symbol.iterator)).toBe(true);
+    expect(isPropertyKey(Symbol.for('key'))).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for null and undefined', () => {
+    expect(isPropertyKey(null)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isPropertyKey(undefined)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for booleans', () => {
+    expect(isPropertyKey(true)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isPropertyKey(false)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for objects and arrays', () => {
+    expect(isPropertyKey({})).toBe(false);
+    expect(isPropertyKey([])).toBe(false);
+    expect(isPropertyKey(() => {})).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for bigint', () => {
+    expect(isPropertyKey(BigInt(1))).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/helpers/type/isPropertyKey.ts b/helpers/type/isPropertyKey.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f4421d7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/type/isPropertyKey.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Checks if a value is a valid property key: `string`, `number`, or `symbol`.
+ *
+ * @param value - The value to check
+ * @returns `true` if value can be used as an object property key
+ * @example
+ * isPropertyKey('name')        // => true
+ * isPropertyKey(42)            // => true
+ * isPropertyKey(Symbol('id'))  // => true
+ * isPropertyKey(null)          // => false
+ * isPropertyKey({})            // => false
+ * isPropertyKey(true)          // => false
+ * @since next
+ */
+export function isPropertyKey(value: unknown): value is PropertyKey {
+  const t = typeof value;
+  return t === 'string' || t === 'number' || t === 'symbol';
+}

From d7a15fa5c10bf23eaa524f81e32310dba1e15d90 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: baxyz <baxyz@etik.com>
Date: Sun, 14 Jun 2026 20:03:16 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 18/34] =?UTF-8?q?docs:=20=F0=9F=93=9D=20update=20isEmpty?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20helper=20to=20split=20by=20category=20-=20clarify=20current?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20state=20and=20decision=20for=20isEmpty=20-=20outline=20plann?=
 =?UTF-8?q?ed=20helpers=20for=20array,=20string,=20and=20object=20-=20addr?=
 =?UTF-8?q?ess=20open=20questions=20regarding=20implementation?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 AGENTS.md | 19 +++++++++++
 TODO.md   | 94 ++++++++++---------------------------------------------
 2 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)

diff --git a/AGENTS.md b/AGENTS.md
index 5194d5e6..8cb811dd 100644
--- a/AGENTS.md
+++ b/AGENTS.md
@@ -146,6 +146,25 @@ helpers/<category>/
 
 **Coverage:** 100% lines, functions, branches, statements — no exceptions.
 
+### Helper Placement
+
+**Type predicates** (`is<Type>`) → `type/` category.
+These answer "what *type* is this value?" and return a TypeScript type guard.
+Examples: `isArray`, `isString`, `isNull`, `isPromise`.
+
+**State predicates** → **their own category**, never `type/`.
+These answer "what *state* is this value in?" and are category-specific.
+Category-specific examples:
+
+- `isEmpty` for arrays → `array/isEmpty` (not `type/isEmpty`)
+- `isEmpty` for objects → `object/isEmpty`
+- `isEmpty` for strings → `string/isEmpty`
+- `isNonEmpty` for arrays → `array/isNonEmpty`
+
+The distinction: a type predicate narrows the TypeScript type (`value is T`); a state predicate
+checks a runtime condition within an already-known type context (e.g. an array that happens to be
+empty). Mixing both in `type/` blurs the category boundary and makes callers import unrelated logic.
+
 **Intentional cross-category duplicates:** `compact` and `equalsShallow` exist in both `array/` and `object/`. Do **NOT** merge or deduplicate them — each category is an independent npm package and cross-package imports break tree-shaking.
 
 ### License Header (required on all source files)
diff --git a/TODO.md b/TODO.md
index 8a99cc59..43617b9c 100644
--- a/TODO.md
+++ b/TODO.md
@@ -1,90 +1,32 @@
 # TODO — `helpers4/typescript`
 
-> Last refresh: 2026-05-13.
+> Last refresh: 2026-06-14.
 
 Legend: 🔴 High priority · 🟡 Medium · 🟢 Low
 
 ---
 
-## 1. `type/` — gap fill
+## 1. `isEmpty` — split by category
 
-**Source:** [radashi-org/discussions#46](https://github.com/orgs/radashi-org/discussions/46#discussioncomment-11736331)
-— comparison table of Radashi / another lib / `@sindresorhus/is` (~90 predicates).
-Radashi won't act on this. helpers4 can close the relevant gaps since the design is already
-tree-shakeable, browser-safe, and one-file-per-predicate.
+**Current state:** `type/isEmpty` is a monolithic helper covering string, array, Map, Set, and plain
+objects in a single function.
 
-> Note: `isNumber(NaN) === false` is already correct in helpers4 — not affected by Radash #405.
+**Decision:** `isEmpty` checks *state*, not *type* — it does not belong in `type/`. Each category
+should own its focused predicate. See the **Helper Placement** rule in `AGENTS.md`.
 
-### 🔴 Numeric — common, frequently needed
+**Planned helpers:**
 
-| Helper | Implementation note |
-|--------|---------------------|
-| `isInteger` | `Number.isInteger(value)` — distinct from `isNumber` |
-| `isNaN` | `Number.isNaN(value)` — safe version (not the legacy global) |
-| `isSafeInteger` | `Number.isSafeInteger(value)` |
-| `isInfinite` | `value === Infinity \|\| value === -Infinity` |
+- **`isEmpty`** (`array/`) — `Array.isArray(value) && value.length === 0`
+- **`isEmpty`** (`string/`) — `value === ''`
+- **`isEmpty`** (`object/`) — `isPlainObject(value) && Object.keys(value).length === 0`
+- **`isNonEmpty`** (`array/`) — inverse; complements `isNonEmptyArray` currently in `type/`
+- **`isNonEmpty`** (`object/`) — inverse
 
-### 🔴 Collections — used widely
+**Open questions before implementation:**
 
-| Helper | Implementation note |
-|--------|---------------------|
-| `isSet` | `value instanceof Set` |
-| `isWeakMap` | `value instanceof WeakMap` |
-| `isWeakSet` | `value instanceof WeakSet` |
-| `isWeakRef` | `value instanceof WeakRef` |
-
-### 🟡 Numeric — nice-to-have
-
-| Helper | Implementation note |
-|--------|---------------------|
-| `isEvenInteger` | `isInteger(n) && n % 2 === 0` |
-| `isOddInteger` | `isInteger(n) && n % 2 !== 0` |
-
-### 🟡 Iteration protocol
-
-| Helper | Implementation note |
-|--------|---------------------|
-| `isAsyncIterable` | `Symbol.asyncIterator in Object(value)` |
-| `isGenerator` | `Object.prototype.toString` → `[object Generator]` |
-| `isGeneratorFunction` | `Object.prototype.toString` → `[object GeneratorFunction]` |
-| `isAsyncGenerator` | `Object.prototype.toString` → `[object AsyncGenerator]` |
-| `isAsyncGeneratorFunction` | `Object.prototype.toString` → `[object AsyncGeneratorFunction]` |
-
-### 🟡 String specializations
-
-| Helper | Implementation note |
-|--------|---------------------|
-| `isEmptyString` | `value === ''` |
-| `isWhitespaceString` | `isString(value) && value.trim() === ''` |
-
-> `isNonEmptyString` already exists.
-
-### 🟡 Object / Array specializations
-
-| Helper | Implementation note |
-|--------|---------------------|
-| `isEmptyArray` | `isArray(value) && value.length === 0` |
-| `isEmptyObject` | `isPlainObject(value) && Object.keys(value).length === 0` |
-| `isNonEmptyObject` | `isPlainObject(value) && Object.keys(value).length > 0` |
-
-### 🟢 General purpose
-
-| Helper | Implementation note |
-|--------|---------------------|
-| `isPropertyKey` | `isString(v) \|\| isNumber(v) \|\| isSymbol(v)` → `value is PropertyKey` |
-| `isPromiseLike` | `value != null && typeof (value as any).then === 'function'` (thenable) |
-| `isArrayLike` | `value != null && typeof (value as any).length === 'number'` |
-| `isHtmlElement` | `typeof HTMLElement !== 'undefined' && value instanceof HTMLElement` — browser-only, document it |
-| `isUrlInstance` | `value instanceof URL` |
-
-### Explicitly out of scope
-
-- Typed arrays (`Int8Array`, `Uint8Array`, etc.) — too niche, no tree-shaking benefit
-- `isNodeStream`, `isSharedArrayBuffer` — Node.js specific
-- `isObservable` — handled by the `observable/` category
-- `isAll` / `isAny` / global `is` / `assert` — meta-predicates, different design surface
-- `isClass`, `isBoundFunction`, `isTagged`, `isDirectInstanceOf`, `isEnumCase` — reflection / meta
-- `isResult` / `isResultOk` / `isResultErr` — requires a Result type not shipped by this lib
+- [ ] Deprecate or keep `type/isEmpty`? (currently the only multi-type predicate — exception to the rule)
+- [ ] Should `isNonEmptyArray` and `isNonEmptyString` (currently in `type/`) move to `array/` and `string/`?
+- [ ] Naming: `object/isNonEmpty` vs `object/isNonEmptyObject`?
 
 ---
 
@@ -149,7 +91,5 @@ After each PR, re-run Scorecard and capture the delta.
 
 ## 3. Suggested next steps
 
-1. **`type/` gap fill** — tackle §1 numeric + collection predicates first (high value, small effort).
-   One file per predicate following the existing pattern.
+1. **`isEmpty` split** — create `array/isEmpty`, `string/isEmpty`, `object/isEmpty`; resolve open questions (§1).
 2. **OpenSSF PRs C/D/E** — land in parallel, they don't conflict with the helper roadmap.
-3. Open one issue per accepted helper in §1 with its source reference for traceability.

From 6b70a8d7afcf25c5548a493c95495886035cb09b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: baxyz <baxyz@etik.com>
Date: Sun, 14 Jun 2026 20:22:07 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 19/34] =?UTF-8?q?feat(array):=20=E2=9C=A8=20add=20isEmpty?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20and=20isNonEmpty=20helpers=20with=20tests=20and=20examples?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20-=20implement=20isEmpty=20for=20arrays=20-=20implement=20isN?=
 =?UTF-8?q?onEmpty=20for=20arrays=20-=20add=20tests=20for=20both=20helpers?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20-=20add=20examples=20for=20usage=20feat(object):=20=E2=9C=A8?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20add=20isEmpty=20and=20isNonEmpty=20helpers=20with=20tests=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?and=20examples=20-=20implement=20isEmpty=20for=20objects=20-=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?implement=20isNonEmpty=20for=20objects=20-=20add=20tests=20for?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20both=20helpers=20-=20add=20examples=20for=20usage=20feat(str?=
 =?UTF-8?q?ing):=20=E2=9C=A8=20add=20isEmpty=20and=20isNonEmpty=20helpers?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20with=20tests=20and=20examples=20-=20implement=20isEmpty=20fo?=
 =?UTF-8?q?r=20strings=20-=20implement=20isNonEmpty=20for=20strings=20-=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?add=20tests=20for=20both=20helpers=20-=20add=20examples=20for?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20usage=20refactor(type):=20=E2=99=BB=EF=B8=8F=20deprecate=20m?=
 =?UTF-8?q?onolithic=20isEmpty=20helper=20-=20suggest=20category-specific?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20helpers=20instead?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 TODO.md                              | 31 ++----------------
 helpers/array/isEmpty.example.ts     | 47 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/array/isEmpty.spec.ts        | 30 ++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/array/isEmpty.test.ts        | 43 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/array/isEmpty.ts             | 18 +++++++++++
 helpers/array/isNonEmpty.example.ts  | 47 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/array/isNonEmpty.spec.ts     | 35 +++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/array/isNonEmpty.test.ts     | 43 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/array/isNonEmpty.ts          | 18 +++++++++++
 helpers/object/isEmpty.example.ts    | 41 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/object/isEmpty.spec.ts       | 41 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/object/isEmpty.test.ts       | 37 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/object/isEmpty.ts            | 23 ++++++++++++++
 helpers/object/isNonEmpty.example.ts | 46 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/object/isNonEmpty.spec.ts    | 36 +++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/object/isNonEmpty.test.ts    | 33 +++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/object/isNonEmpty.ts         | 22 +++++++++++++
 helpers/string/isEmpty.example.ts    | 41 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/string/isEmpty.spec.ts       | 38 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/string/isEmpty.test.ts       | 34 ++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/string/isEmpty.ts            | 23 ++++++++++++++
 helpers/string/isNonEmpty.example.ts | 41 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/string/isNonEmpty.spec.ts    | 33 +++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/string/isNonEmpty.test.ts    | 25 +++++++++++++++
 helpers/string/isNonEmpty.ts         | 23 ++++++++++++++
 helpers/type/isEmpty.ts              |  2 ++
 26 files changed, 823 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 helpers/array/isEmpty.example.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/array/isEmpty.spec.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/array/isEmpty.test.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/array/isEmpty.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/array/isNonEmpty.example.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/array/isNonEmpty.spec.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/array/isNonEmpty.test.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/array/isNonEmpty.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/object/isEmpty.example.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/object/isEmpty.spec.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/object/isEmpty.test.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/object/isEmpty.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/object/isNonEmpty.example.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/object/isNonEmpty.spec.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/object/isNonEmpty.test.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/object/isNonEmpty.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/string/isEmpty.example.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/string/isEmpty.spec.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/string/isEmpty.test.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/string/isEmpty.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/string/isNonEmpty.example.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/string/isNonEmpty.spec.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/string/isNonEmpty.test.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/string/isNonEmpty.ts

diff --git a/TODO.md b/TODO.md
index 43617b9c..46d1bbef 100644
--- a/TODO.md
+++ b/TODO.md
@@ -6,31 +6,7 @@ Legend: 🔴 High priority · 🟡 Medium · 🟢 Low
 
 ---
 
-## 1. `isEmpty` — split by category
-
-**Current state:** `type/isEmpty` is a monolithic helper covering string, array, Map, Set, and plain
-objects in a single function.
-
-**Decision:** `isEmpty` checks *state*, not *type* — it does not belong in `type/`. Each category
-should own its focused predicate. See the **Helper Placement** rule in `AGENTS.md`.
-
-**Planned helpers:**
-
-- **`isEmpty`** (`array/`) — `Array.isArray(value) && value.length === 0`
-- **`isEmpty`** (`string/`) — `value === ''`
-- **`isEmpty`** (`object/`) — `isPlainObject(value) && Object.keys(value).length === 0`
-- **`isNonEmpty`** (`array/`) — inverse; complements `isNonEmptyArray` currently in `type/`
-- **`isNonEmpty`** (`object/`) — inverse
-
-**Open questions before implementation:**
-
-- [ ] Deprecate or keep `type/isEmpty`? (currently the only multi-type predicate — exception to the rule)
-- [ ] Should `isNonEmptyArray` and `isNonEmptyString` (currently in `type/`) move to `array/` and `string/`?
-- [ ] Naming: `object/isNonEmpty` vs `object/isNonEmptyObject`?
-
----
-
-## 2. OpenSSF Scorecard
+## 1. OpenSSF Scorecard
 
 > Last snapshot: **6.7**. Goal: lift the score by closing the highest-impact
 > checks first, while keeping CI behaviour stable.
@@ -89,7 +65,6 @@ After each PR, re-run Scorecard and capture the delta.
 
 ---
 
-## 3. Suggested next steps
+## 2. Suggested next steps
 
-1. **`isEmpty` split** — create `array/isEmpty`, `string/isEmpty`, `object/isEmpty`; resolve open questions (§1).
-2. **OpenSSF PRs C/D/E** — land in parallel, they don't conflict with the helper roadmap.
+1. **OpenSSF PRs C/D/E** — land in parallel with the helper roadmap.
diff --git a/helpers/array/isEmpty.example.ts b/helpers/array/isEmpty.example.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..351cbc0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/array/isEmpty.example.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import type { HelperExamples } from '../../scripts/examples/types';
+import { isEmpty } from './isEmpty';
+
+const examples: HelperExamples = {
+  helper: 'isEmpty',
+  category: 'array',
+  examples: [
+    {
+      title: 'Check if an array is empty',
+      description: 'Returns true only for arrays with no elements.',
+      code: `isEmpty([])        // => true
+isEmpty([1, 2, 3]) // => false
+isEmpty([null])    // => false  (null is still an element)`,
+      assert: () => {
+        if (!isEmpty([])) throw new Error('[] should be empty');
+        if (isEmpty([1, 2, 3])) throw new Error('[1,2,3] should not be empty');
+        if (isEmpty([null])) throw new Error('[null] should not be empty');
+      },
+    },
+    {
+      title: 'Branch on empty array with type narrowing',
+      description: 'In the true branch, the type narrows to never[], ensuring no element access.',
+      code: `function first<T>(arr: T[]): T | undefined {
+  if (isEmpty(arr)) return undefined;
+  return arr[0]; // TypeScript knows arr is non-empty here
+}
+first([])      // => undefined
+first([1, 2])  // => 1`,
+      assert: () => {
+        function first<T>(arr: T[]): T | undefined {
+          if (isEmpty(arr)) return undefined;
+          return arr[0];
+        }
+        if (first([]) !== undefined) throw new Error('Expected undefined');
+        if (first([1, 2]) !== 1) throw new Error('Expected 1');
+      },
+    },
+  ],
+};
+
+export default examples;
diff --git a/helpers/array/isEmpty.spec.ts b/helpers/array/isEmpty.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d4ec6eb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/array/isEmpty.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import * as fc from 'fast-check';
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isEmpty } from './isEmpty';
+
+describe('isEmpty — property-based', () => {
+  it('is always false for arrays with at least one element', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.array(fc.anything(), { minLength: 1 }), (arr) => {
+        expect(isEmpty(arr)).toBe(false);
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+describe('isEmpty — contracts', () => {
+  it('isEmpty and isNonEmpty are logical inverses', async () => {
+    const { isNonEmpty } = await import('./isNonEmpty');
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.array(fc.anything()), (arr) => {
+        expect(isEmpty(arr)).toBe(!isNonEmpty(arr));
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+});
diff --git a/helpers/array/isEmpty.test.ts b/helpers/array/isEmpty.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e616916d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/array/isEmpty.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isEmpty } from './isEmpty';
+
+describe('isEmpty', () => {
+  it('should return true for an empty array', () => {
+    expect(isEmpty([])).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for a non-empty array', () => {
+    expect(isEmpty([1])).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for an array with multiple elements', () => {
+    expect(isEmpty([1, 2, 3])).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for an array containing falsy values', () => {
+    expect(isEmpty([null])).toBe(false);
+    expect(isEmpty([undefined])).toBe(false);
+    expect(isEmpty([0])).toBe(false);
+    expect(isEmpty([''])).toBe(false);
+    expect(isEmpty([false])).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should work with readonly arrays', () => {
+    const arr: readonly number[] = [];
+    expect(isEmpty(arr)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should narrow type to never[] in true branch', () => {
+    const arr: string[] = [];
+    if (isEmpty(arr)) {
+      const _: readonly never[] = arr;
+      expect(_).toEqual([]);
+    }
+  });
+});
diff --git a/helpers/array/isEmpty.ts b/helpers/array/isEmpty.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9db8669c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/array/isEmpty.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Checks if an array is empty (has no elements).
+ * @param value - The array to check
+ * @returns `true` if the array has no elements
+ * @example
+ * isEmpty([])        // => true
+ * isEmpty([1, 2, 3]) // => false
+ * @since next
+ */
+export function isEmpty(value: readonly unknown[]): value is readonly never[] {
+  return value.length === 0;
+}
diff --git a/helpers/array/isNonEmpty.example.ts b/helpers/array/isNonEmpty.example.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bb3a4bb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/array/isNonEmpty.example.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import type { HelperExamples } from '../../scripts/examples/types';
+import { isNonEmpty } from './isNonEmpty';
+
+const examples: HelperExamples = {
+  helper: 'isNonEmpty',
+  category: 'array',
+  examples: [
+    {
+      title: 'Check if an array has elements',
+      description: 'Returns true for arrays with at least one element, regardless of the element values.',
+      code: `isNonEmpty([1, 2, 3]) // => true
+isNonEmpty([null])    // => true  (null is still an element)
+isNonEmpty([])        // => false`,
+      assert: () => {
+        if (!isNonEmpty([1, 2, 3])) throw new Error('[1,2,3] should be non-empty');
+        if (!isNonEmpty([null])) throw new Error('[null] should be non-empty');
+        if (isNonEmpty([])) throw new Error('[] should not be non-empty');
+      },
+    },
+    {
+      title: 'Safe first-element access with type narrowing',
+      description: 'In the true branch, the type narrows to [T, ...T[]], making arr[0] always defined.',
+      code: `function first<T>(arr: readonly T[]): T | undefined {
+  if (isNonEmpty(arr)) return arr[0]; // arr[0] is T, not T | undefined
+  return undefined;
+}
+first([1, 2]) // => 1
+first([])     // => undefined`,
+      assert: () => {
+        function first<T>(arr: readonly T[]): T | undefined {
+          if (isNonEmpty(arr)) return arr[0];
+          return undefined;
+        }
+        if (first([1, 2]) !== 1) throw new Error('Expected 1');
+        if (first([]) !== undefined) throw new Error('Expected undefined');
+      },
+    },
+  ],
+};
+
+export default examples;
diff --git a/helpers/array/isNonEmpty.spec.ts b/helpers/array/isNonEmpty.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1b9a049b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/array/isNonEmpty.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import * as fc from 'fast-check';
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isNonEmpty } from './isNonEmpty';
+
+describe('isNonEmpty — property-based', () => {
+  it('is always true for arrays with at least one element', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.array(fc.anything(), { minLength: 1 }), (arr) => {
+        expect(isNonEmpty(arr)).toBe(true);
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('is always false for empty arrays', () => {
+    expect(isNonEmpty([])).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('isNonEmpty — contracts', () => {
+  it('first element is accessible without undefined when isNonEmpty is true', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.array(fc.integer(), { minLength: 1 }), (arr) => {
+        if (isNonEmpty(arr)) {
+          expect(arr[0]).toBeDefined();
+        }
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+});
diff --git a/helpers/array/isNonEmpty.test.ts b/helpers/array/isNonEmpty.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..78aa3879
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/array/isNonEmpty.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isNonEmpty } from './isNonEmpty';
+
+describe('isNonEmpty', () => {
+  it('should return true for a non-empty array', () => {
+    expect(isNonEmpty([1])).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return true for an array with multiple elements', () => {
+    expect(isNonEmpty([1, 2, 3])).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for an empty array', () => {
+    expect(isNonEmpty([])).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return true for an array containing falsy values', () => {
+    expect(isNonEmpty([null])).toBe(true);
+    expect(isNonEmpty([undefined])).toBe(true);
+    expect(isNonEmpty([0])).toBe(true);
+    expect(isNonEmpty([''])).toBe(true);
+    expect(isNonEmpty([false])).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should work with readonly arrays', () => {
+    const arr: readonly number[] = [1, 2];
+    expect(isNonEmpty(arr)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should narrow type to non-empty tuple in true branch', () => {
+    const arr: number[] = [1, 2, 3];
+    if (isNonEmpty(arr)) {
+      const first: number = arr[0];
+      expect(first).toBe(1);
+    }
+  });
+});
diff --git a/helpers/array/isNonEmpty.ts b/helpers/array/isNonEmpty.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3ad12e80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/array/isNonEmpty.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Checks if an array is non-empty (has at least one element).
+ * @param value - The array to check
+ * @returns `true` if the array has at least one element
+ * @example
+ * isNonEmpty([1, 2, 3]) // => true
+ * isNonEmpty([])        // => false
+ * @since next
+ */
+export function isNonEmpty<T>(value: readonly T[]): value is readonly [T, ...T[]] {
+  return value.length > 0;
+}
diff --git a/helpers/object/isEmpty.example.ts b/helpers/object/isEmpty.example.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5508c61e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/object/isEmpty.example.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import type { HelperExamples } from '../../scripts/examples/types';
+import { isEmpty } from './isEmpty';
+
+const examples: HelperExamples = {
+  helper: 'isEmpty',
+  category: 'object',
+  examples: [
+    {
+      title: 'Check if an object has no own string-keyed properties',
+      description: 'Returns true for `{}`. Symbol-keyed properties are not counted.',
+      code: `isEmpty({})              // => true
+isEmpty({ a: 1 })        // => false
+isEmpty({ a: undefined }) // => false  (key exists even if value is undefined)`,
+      assert: () => {
+        if (!isEmpty({})) throw new Error('{} should be empty');
+        if (isEmpty({ a: 1 })) throw new Error('{a:1} should not be empty');
+        if (isEmpty({ a: undefined })) throw new Error('{a:undefined} should not be empty');
+      },
+    },
+    {
+      title: 'Symbol keys are not counted',
+      description: 'An object with only symbol-keyed properties is considered empty.',
+      code: `const sym = Symbol('x');
+const obj = { [sym]: 1 };
+isEmpty(obj) // => true  (only string keys are counted)`,
+      assert: () => {
+        const sym = Symbol('x');
+        const obj: Record<PropertyKey, unknown> = { [sym]: 1 };
+        if (!isEmpty(obj)) throw new Error('Object with only symbol key should be empty');
+      },
+    },
+  ],
+};
+
+export default examples;
diff --git a/helpers/object/isEmpty.spec.ts b/helpers/object/isEmpty.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dcd1cd0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/object/isEmpty.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import * as fc from 'fast-check';
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isEmpty } from './isEmpty';
+
+describe('isEmpty — property-based', () => {
+  it('is always false for objects with at least one string key', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(
+        fc.record({ key: fc.string() }, { requiredKeys: ['key'] }),
+        (obj) => {
+          expect(isEmpty(obj)).toBe(false);
+        },
+      ),
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+describe('isEmpty — contracts', () => {
+  it('isEmpty and isNonEmpty are logical inverses', async () => {
+    const { isNonEmpty } = await import('./isNonEmpty');
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.dictionary(fc.string(), fc.anything()), (obj) => {
+        expect(isEmpty(obj)).toBe(!isNonEmpty(obj));
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('is equivalent to Object.keys(value).length === 0', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.dictionary(fc.string(), fc.anything()), (obj) => {
+        expect(isEmpty(obj)).toBe(Object.keys(obj).length === 0);
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+});
diff --git a/helpers/object/isEmpty.test.ts b/helpers/object/isEmpty.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..eb33b08c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/object/isEmpty.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isEmpty } from './isEmpty';
+
+describe('isEmpty', () => {
+  it('should return true for an empty object', () => {
+    expect(isEmpty({})).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for an object with string keys', () => {
+    expect(isEmpty({ a: 1 })).toBe(false);
+    expect(isEmpty({ a: undefined })).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should not count symbol-keyed properties', () => {
+    const sym = Symbol('x');
+    const obj: Record<PropertyKey, unknown> = {};
+    obj[sym] = 1;
+    expect(isEmpty(obj)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for an object with multiple keys', () => {
+    expect(isEmpty({ a: 1, b: 2, c: 3 })).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should handle null-prototype objects', () => {
+    const obj = Object.create(null) as Record<PropertyKey, unknown>;
+    expect(isEmpty(obj)).toBe(true);
+    obj['key'] = 'value';
+    expect(isEmpty(obj)).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/helpers/object/isEmpty.ts b/helpers/object/isEmpty.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..07436921
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/object/isEmpty.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Checks if a plain object has no own enumerable string-keyed properties.
+ *
+ * Symbol-keyed properties are not counted. Use `Object.getOwnPropertySymbols`
+ * separately if symbol keys matter for your use case.
+ *
+ * @param value - The object to check
+ * @returns `true` if the object has no own enumerable string-keyed properties
+ * @example
+ * isEmpty({})          // => true
+ * isEmpty({ a: 1 })    // => false
+ * isEmpty({ a: undefined }) // => false  (key exists)
+ * @since next
+ */
+export function isEmpty(value: Record<PropertyKey, unknown>): boolean {
+  return Object.keys(value).length === 0;
+}
diff --git a/helpers/object/isNonEmpty.example.ts b/helpers/object/isNonEmpty.example.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..66249fe4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/object/isNonEmpty.example.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import type { HelperExamples } from '../../scripts/examples/types';
+import { isNonEmpty } from './isNonEmpty';
+
+const examples: HelperExamples = {
+  helper: 'isNonEmpty',
+  category: 'object',
+  examples: [
+    {
+      title: 'Check if an object has own string-keyed properties',
+      description: 'Returns true when at least one own enumerable string key is present.',
+      code: `isNonEmpty({ a: 1 })        // => true
+isNonEmpty({ a: undefined }) // => true  (key exists)
+isNonEmpty({})              // => false`,
+      assert: () => {
+        if (!isNonEmpty({ a: 1 })) throw new Error('{a:1} should be non-empty');
+        if (!isNonEmpty({ a: undefined })) throw new Error('{a:undefined} should be non-empty');
+        if (isNonEmpty({})) throw new Error('{} should not be non-empty');
+      },
+    },
+    {
+      title: 'Guard before iterating object keys',
+      description: 'Use isNonEmpty before looping to avoid processing empty objects.',
+      code: `function processConfig(config: Record<string, unknown>): void {
+  if (!isNonEmpty(config)) {
+    console.warn('Config is empty');
+    return;
+  }
+  for (const key of Object.keys(config)) {
+    // process each key
+  }
+}`,
+      assert: () => {
+        if (isNonEmpty({})) throw new Error('Empty object should fail guard');
+        if (!isNonEmpty({ x: 1 })) throw new Error('Non-empty object should pass guard');
+      },
+    },
+  ],
+};
+
+export default examples;
diff --git a/helpers/object/isNonEmpty.spec.ts b/helpers/object/isNonEmpty.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a30e968e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/object/isNonEmpty.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import * as fc from 'fast-check';
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isNonEmpty } from './isNonEmpty';
+
+describe('isNonEmpty — property-based', () => {
+  it('is always true for objects with at least one string key', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(
+        fc.record({ key: fc.string() }, { requiredKeys: ['key'] }),
+        (obj) => {
+          expect(isNonEmpty(obj)).toBe(true);
+        },
+      ),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('is always false for objects with no string keys', () => {
+    expect(isNonEmpty({})).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('isNonEmpty — contracts', () => {
+  it('is equivalent to Object.keys(value).length > 0', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.dictionary(fc.string(), fc.anything()), (obj) => {
+        expect(isNonEmpty(obj)).toBe(Object.keys(obj).length > 0);
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+});
diff --git a/helpers/object/isNonEmpty.test.ts b/helpers/object/isNonEmpty.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6261f593
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/object/isNonEmpty.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isNonEmpty } from './isNonEmpty';
+
+describe('isNonEmpty', () => {
+  it('should return true for an object with string keys', () => {
+    expect(isNonEmpty({ a: 1 })).toBe(true);
+    expect(isNonEmpty({ a: undefined })).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for an empty object', () => {
+    expect(isNonEmpty({})).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should not count symbol-keyed properties', () => {
+    const sym = Symbol('x');
+    const obj: Record<PropertyKey, unknown> = {};
+    obj[sym] = 1;
+    expect(isNonEmpty(obj)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should handle null-prototype objects', () => {
+    const obj = Object.create(null) as Record<PropertyKey, unknown>;
+    expect(isNonEmpty(obj)).toBe(false);
+    obj['key'] = 'value';
+    expect(isNonEmpty(obj)).toBe(true);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/helpers/object/isNonEmpty.ts b/helpers/object/isNonEmpty.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e0b3bac8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/object/isNonEmpty.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Checks if a plain object has at least one own enumerable string-keyed property.
+ *
+ * Symbol-keyed properties are not counted. Use `Object.getOwnPropertySymbols`
+ * separately if symbol keys matter for your use case.
+ *
+ * @param value - The object to check
+ * @returns `true` if the object has at least one own enumerable string-keyed property
+ * @example
+ * isNonEmpty({ a: 1 })    // => true
+ * isNonEmpty({})          // => false
+ * @since next
+ */
+export function isNonEmpty(value: Record<PropertyKey, unknown>): boolean {
+  return Object.keys(value).length > 0;
+}
diff --git a/helpers/string/isEmpty.example.ts b/helpers/string/isEmpty.example.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6ef3a5eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/string/isEmpty.example.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import type { HelperExamples } from '../../scripts/examples/types';
+import { isEmpty } from './isEmpty';
+
+const examples: HelperExamples = {
+  helper: 'isEmpty',
+  category: 'string',
+  examples: [
+    {
+      title: 'Check if a string is empty',
+      description: 'Returns true only for `""`. Whitespace-only strings are not considered empty.',
+      code: `isEmpty('')    // => true
+isEmpty(' ')   // => false  (whitespace is content)
+isEmpty('foo') // => false`,
+      assert: () => {
+        if (!isEmpty('')) throw new Error('"" should be empty');
+        if (isEmpty(' ')) throw new Error('" " should not be empty');
+        if (isEmpty('foo')) throw new Error('"foo" should not be empty');
+      },
+    },
+    {
+      title: 'Treat blank strings as empty by trimming first',
+      description: 'Compose with .trim() when whitespace-only should also be considered empty.',
+      code: `isEmpty(''.trim())   // => true
+isEmpty('   '.trim()) // => true
+isEmpty('hi'.trim())  // => false`,
+      assert: () => {
+        if (!isEmpty(''.trim())) throw new Error('Expected true');
+        if (!isEmpty('   '.trim())) throw new Error('Expected true after trim');
+        if (isEmpty('hi'.trim())) throw new Error('Expected false');
+      },
+    },
+  ],
+};
+
+export default examples;
diff --git a/helpers/string/isEmpty.spec.ts b/helpers/string/isEmpty.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1403aecc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/string/isEmpty.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import * as fc from 'fast-check';
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isEmpty } from './isEmpty';
+
+describe('isEmpty — property-based', () => {
+  it('is always false for non-empty strings', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.string({ minLength: 1 }), (s) => {
+        expect(isEmpty(s)).toBe(false);
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+describe('isEmpty — contracts', () => {
+  it('isEmpty and isNonEmpty are logical inverses', async () => {
+    const { isNonEmpty } = await import('./isNonEmpty');
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.string(), (s) => {
+        expect(isEmpty(s)).toBe(!isNonEmpty(s));
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('is equivalent to s === ""', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.string(), (s) => {
+        expect(isEmpty(s)).toBe(s === '');
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+});
diff --git a/helpers/string/isEmpty.test.ts b/helpers/string/isEmpty.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..866c64af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/string/isEmpty.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isEmpty } from './isEmpty';
+
+describe('isEmpty', () => {
+  it('should return true for an empty string', () => {
+    expect(isEmpty('')).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for a whitespace-only string', () => {
+    expect(isEmpty(' ')).toBe(false);
+    expect(isEmpty('   ')).toBe(false);
+    expect(isEmpty('\t')).toBe(false);
+    expect(isEmpty('\n')).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for a non-empty string', () => {
+    expect(isEmpty('a')).toBe(false);
+    expect(isEmpty('hello')).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should narrow type to empty string literal in true branch', () => {
+    const s: string = '';
+    if (isEmpty(s)) {
+      const _: '' = s;
+      expect(_).toBe('');
+    }
+  });
+});
diff --git a/helpers/string/isEmpty.ts b/helpers/string/isEmpty.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d45fa88d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/string/isEmpty.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Checks if a string is empty (`""`).
+ *
+ * This is a strict emptiness check — whitespace-only strings are **not** considered
+ * empty. Use `isEmpty(value.trim())` if you need to treat blank strings as empty.
+ *
+ * @param value - The string to check
+ * @returns `true` if the string is `""`
+ * @example
+ * isEmpty('')    // => true
+ * isEmpty('   ') // => false  (whitespace-only, not empty)
+ * isEmpty('foo') // => false
+ * @since next
+ */
+export function isEmpty(value: string): value is '' {
+  return value === '';
+}
diff --git a/helpers/string/isNonEmpty.example.ts b/helpers/string/isNonEmpty.example.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..121c5a00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/string/isNonEmpty.example.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import type { HelperExamples } from '../../scripts/examples/types';
+import { isNonEmpty } from './isNonEmpty';
+
+const examples: HelperExamples = {
+  helper: 'isNonEmpty',
+  category: 'string',
+  examples: [
+    {
+      title: 'Check if a string has content',
+      description: 'Returns true for any string with at least one character, including whitespace.',
+      code: `isNonEmpty('hello') // => true
+isNonEmpty(' ')     // => true  (whitespace is content)
+isNonEmpty('')      // => false`,
+      assert: () => {
+        if (!isNonEmpty('hello')) throw new Error('"hello" should be non-empty');
+        if (!isNonEmpty(' ')) throw new Error('" " should be non-empty');
+        if (isNonEmpty('')) throw new Error('"" should not be non-empty');
+      },
+    },
+    {
+      title: 'Exclude blank strings by trimming first',
+      description: 'Compose with .trim() when whitespace-only strings should be treated as empty.',
+      code: `isNonEmpty('hello'.trim()) // => true
+isNonEmpty('   '.trim())   // => false
+isNonEmpty(''.trim())      // => false`,
+      assert: () => {
+        if (!isNonEmpty('hello'.trim())) throw new Error('Expected true');
+        if (isNonEmpty('   '.trim())) throw new Error('Expected false after trim');
+        if (isNonEmpty(''.trim())) throw new Error('Expected false');
+      },
+    },
+  ],
+};
+
+export default examples;
diff --git a/helpers/string/isNonEmpty.spec.ts b/helpers/string/isNonEmpty.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..143c04a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/string/isNonEmpty.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import * as fc from 'fast-check';
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isNonEmpty } from './isNonEmpty';
+
+describe('isNonEmpty — property-based', () => {
+  it('is always true for strings with at least one character', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.string({ minLength: 1 }), (s) => {
+        expect(isNonEmpty(s)).toBe(true);
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('is always false for the empty string', () => {
+    expect(isNonEmpty('')).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('isNonEmpty — contracts', () => {
+  it('is equivalent to s.length > 0', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.string(), (s) => {
+        expect(isNonEmpty(s)).toBe(s.length > 0);
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+});
diff --git a/helpers/string/isNonEmpty.test.ts b/helpers/string/isNonEmpty.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..250bb750
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/string/isNonEmpty.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isNonEmpty } from './isNonEmpty';
+
+describe('isNonEmpty', () => {
+  it('should return true for a non-empty string', () => {
+    expect(isNonEmpty('a')).toBe(true);
+    expect(isNonEmpty('hello')).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return true for a whitespace-only string', () => {
+    expect(isNonEmpty(' ')).toBe(true);
+    expect(isNonEmpty('   ')).toBe(true);
+    expect(isNonEmpty('\t')).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for an empty string', () => {
+    expect(isNonEmpty('')).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/helpers/string/isNonEmpty.ts b/helpers/string/isNonEmpty.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0454ab5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/string/isNonEmpty.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Checks if a string is non-empty (has at least one character).
+ *
+ * Whitespace-only strings are considered non-empty.
+ * Use `isNonEmpty(value.trim())` if you need to exclude blank strings.
+ *
+ * @param value - The string to check
+ * @returns `true` if the string has at least one character
+ * @example
+ * isNonEmpty('hello') // => true
+ * isNonEmpty('   ')   // => true  (whitespace-only, not empty)
+ * isNonEmpty('')      // => false
+ * @since next
+ */
+export function isNonEmpty(value: string): boolean {
+  return value.length > 0;
+}
diff --git a/helpers/type/isEmpty.ts b/helpers/type/isEmpty.ts
index 8f856ec0..628e4e80 100644
--- a/helpers/type/isEmpty.ts
+++ b/helpers/type/isEmpty.ts
@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ import { isSpecialObject } from './isSpecialObject';
  * declare const m: ReadonlyMap<string, number> | null;
  * if (isEmpty(m)) { ... } // m: ReadonlyMap<never, never> | null
  * @since 2.0.0
+ * @deprecated Use the category-specific helper instead: `array/isEmpty`, `string/isEmpty`,
+ * or `object/isEmpty`. This monolithic helper will be removed in v3.
  */
 export function isEmpty(value: unknown): value is null | undefined | '' | never[] | ReadonlyMap<never, never> | ReadonlySet<never> {
   if (value === null || value === undefined) {

From 0ba8807bab76fef4680d47d193f4090c0cad97b6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: baxyz <baxyz@etik.com>
Date: Sun, 14 Jun 2026 20:52:19 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 20/34] =?UTF-8?q?feat(string):=20=E2=9C=A8=20add=20isBlank?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20function=20with=20examples=20and=20tests=20-=20implement=20i?=
 =?UTF-8?q?sBlank=20to=20check=20for=20empty=20or=20whitespace-only=20stri?=
 =?UTF-8?q?ngs=20-=20add=20property-based=20tests=20for=20isBlank=20-=20cr?=
 =?UTF-8?q?eate=20unit=20tests=20for=20isBlank=20functionality?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 helpers/string/isBlank.example.ts | 55 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/string/isBlank.spec.ts    | 62 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/string/isBlank.test.ts    | 49 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/string/isBlank.ts         | 33 ++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 199 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 helpers/string/isBlank.example.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/string/isBlank.spec.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/string/isBlank.test.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/string/isBlank.ts

diff --git a/helpers/string/isBlank.example.ts b/helpers/string/isBlank.example.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ea3c06b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/string/isBlank.example.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import type { HelperExamples } from '../../scripts/examples/types';
+import { isBlank } from './isBlank';
+
+const examples: HelperExamples = {
+  helper: 'isBlank',
+  category: 'string',
+  examples: [
+    {
+      title: 'Detect empty or whitespace-only strings',
+      description:
+        'Returns true for "" and for any string made entirely of whitespace — including ' +
+        'non-breaking space (U+00A0), en/em spaces, ideographic space, and BOM.',
+      code: `isBlank('')      // => true
+isBlank('   ')   // => true
+isBlank('\\t\\n')  // => true
+isBlank(' ')     // => true   (non-breaking space U+00A0)
+isBlank('foo')   // => false
+isBlank(' x ')   // => false`,
+      assert: () => {
+        if (!isBlank('')) throw new Error('Expected true for ""');
+        if (!isBlank('   ')) throw new Error('Expected true for spaces');
+        if (!isBlank(' ')) throw new Error('Expected true for NBSP');
+        if (isBlank('foo')) throw new Error('Expected false for "foo"');
+      },
+    },
+    {
+      title: 'Form validation — reject blank input',
+      description: 'Use isBlank to reject fields that contain only whitespace.',
+      code: `function validateName(name: string): string | null {
+  if (isBlank(name)) return 'Name is required';
+  return null;
+}
+validateName('')    // => 'Name is required'
+validateName('   ') // => 'Name is required'
+validateName('Ada') // => null`,
+      assert: () => {
+        function validateName(name: string): string | null {
+          if (isBlank(name)) return 'Name is required';
+          return null;
+        }
+        if (validateName('') === null) throw new Error('Expected error for ""');
+        if (validateName('   ') === null) throw new Error('Expected error for spaces');
+        if (validateName('Ada') !== null) throw new Error('Expected null for "Ada"');
+      },
+    },
+  ],
+};
+
+export default examples;
diff --git a/helpers/string/isBlank.spec.ts b/helpers/string/isBlank.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..588d2410
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/string/isBlank.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import * as fc from 'fast-check';
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isBlank } from './isBlank';
+
+describe('isBlank — property-based', () => {
+  it('is always false for strings containing at least one non-whitespace character', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(
+        fc.string({ minLength: 1 }).filter((s) => s.trim().length > 0),
+        (s) => {
+          expect(isBlank(s)).toBe(false);
+        },
+      ),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('is always true for strings of only ASCII whitespace', () => {
+    const whitespaceChars = [' ', '\t', '\n', '\r', '\f', '\v'];
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(
+        fc.array(fc.constantFrom(...whitespaceChars), { minLength: 1 }).map((a) => a.join('')),
+        (s) => {
+          expect(isBlank(s)).toBe(true);
+        },
+      ),
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+describe('isBlank — contracts', () => {
+  it('isBlank and isNotBlank are logical inverses', async () => {
+    const { isNotBlank } = await import('./isNotBlank');
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.string(), (s) => {
+        expect(isBlank(s)).toBe(!isNotBlank(s));
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('is equivalent to value.trim() === ""', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.string(), (s) => {
+        expect(isBlank(s)).toBe(s.trim() === '');
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('isBlank implies isEmpty', async () => {
+    const { isEmpty } = await import('./isEmpty');
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.string(), (s) => {
+        if (isEmpty(s)) expect(isBlank(s)).toBe(true); // empty ⊆ blank
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+});
diff --git a/helpers/string/isBlank.test.ts b/helpers/string/isBlank.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..07b5038b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/string/isBlank.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isBlank } from './isBlank';
+
+describe('isBlank', () => {
+  it('should return true for an empty string', () => {
+    expect(isBlank('')).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return true for ASCII whitespace-only strings', () => {
+    expect(isBlank(' ')).toBe(true);
+    expect(isBlank('   ')).toBe(true);
+    expect(isBlank('\t')).toBe(true);
+    expect(isBlank('\n')).toBe(true);
+    expect(isBlank('\r')).toBe(true);
+    expect(isBlank('\f')).toBe(true);
+    expect(isBlank('\v')).toBe(true);
+    expect(isBlank(' \t\n\r ')).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return true for Unicode whitespace-only strings', () => {
+    expect(isBlank(' ')).toBe(true);  // non-breaking space
+    expect(isBlank(' ')).toBe(true);  // en space
+    expect(isBlank(' ')).toBe(true);  // em space
+    expect(isBlank(' ')).toBe(true);  // thin space
+    expect(isBlank(' ')).toBe(true);  // hair space
+    expect(isBlank(' ')).toBe(true);  // narrow NBSP
+    expect(isBlank('　')).toBe(true);  // ideographic space
+    expect(isBlank('')).toBe(true);  // BOM / ZWNBSP
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for strings with visible content', () => {
+    expect(isBlank('foo')).toBe(false);
+    expect(isBlank(' x ')).toBe(false);
+    expect(isBlank('0')).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should not treat zero-width characters as whitespace', () => {
+    expect(isBlank('​')).toBe(false); // zero-width space
+    expect(isBlank('‌')).toBe(false); // zero-width non-joiner
+    expect(isBlank('‍')).toBe(false); // zero-width joiner
+    expect(isBlank('⁠')).toBe(false); // word joiner
+  });
+});
diff --git a/helpers/string/isBlank.ts b/helpers/string/isBlank.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..955d5ca0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/string/isBlank.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Checks if a string is blank — empty or contains only whitespace characters.
+ *
+ * Uses `String.prototype.trim()` internally, which covers all ECMAScript
+ * whitespace: standard ASCII whitespace (`\t`, `\n`, `\r`, `\f`, `\v`),
+ * non-breaking space (U+00A0), BOM (U+FEFF), and all Unicode "Space_Separator"
+ * category characters (en space, em space, thin space, ideographic space, etc.).
+ *
+ * **Zero-width characters** (U+200B zero-width space, U+200C, U+200D, U+2060)
+ * are **not** treated as whitespace — they are Unicode "Format" (Cf) characters,
+ * not spaces. Strip them explicitly if needed:
+ * `isBlank(value.replace(/[​-‍⁠]/g, ''))`
+ *
+ * @param value - The string to check
+ * @returns `true` if the string is empty or contains only whitespace
+ * @example
+ * isBlank('')    // => true
+ * isBlank('   ') // => true
+ * isBlank('\t\n') // => true
+ * isBlank(' ')   // => true   (non-breaking space U+00A0)
+ * isBlank('foo') // => false
+ * isBlank(' x ') // => false
+ * @since next
+ */
+export function isBlank(value: string): boolean {
+  return value.trim() === '';
+}

From 3cd87a7879040d1c553e54203bbfb88feaa93f4f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: baxyz <baxyz@etik.com>
Date: Sun, 14 Jun 2026 20:53:34 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 21/34] =?UTF-8?q?feat(string):=20=E2=9C=A8=20add=20isNotBl?=
 =?UTF-8?q?ank=20function=20with=20examples=20and=20tests=20-=20implement?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20isNotBlank=20to=20check=20for=20non-blank=20strings=20-=20ad?=
 =?UTF-8?q?d=20examples=20for=20usage=20-=20create=20property-based=20and?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20contract=20tests?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 helpers/string/isNotBlank.example.ts | 45 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/string/isNotBlank.spec.ts    | 32 ++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/string/isNotBlank.test.ts    | 40 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/string/isNotBlank.ts         | 27 +++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 144 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 helpers/string/isNotBlank.example.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/string/isNotBlank.spec.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/string/isNotBlank.test.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/string/isNotBlank.ts

diff --git a/helpers/string/isNotBlank.example.ts b/helpers/string/isNotBlank.example.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b5ea7906
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/string/isNotBlank.example.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import type { HelperExamples } from '../../scripts/examples/types';
+import { isNotBlank } from './isNotBlank';
+
+const examples: HelperExamples = {
+  helper: 'isNotBlank',
+  category: 'string',
+  examples: [
+    {
+      title: 'Check that a string has real content',
+      description:
+        'Returns true only when the string contains at least one non-whitespace character.',
+      code: `isNotBlank('foo')  // => true
+isNotBlank(' x ')  // => true
+isNotBlank('')     // => false
+isNotBlank('   ')  // => false
+isNotBlank('\\t')   // => false`,
+      assert: () => {
+        if (!isNotBlank('foo')) throw new Error('Expected true for "foo"');
+        if (!isNotBlank(' x ')) throw new Error('Expected true for " x "');
+        if (isNotBlank('')) throw new Error('Expected false for ""');
+        if (isNotBlank('   ')) throw new Error('Expected false for spaces');
+      },
+    },
+    {
+      title: 'Filter out blank strings from an array',
+      description: 'Use as a predicate in .filter() to keep only strings with real content.',
+      code: `const tags = ['typescript', '  ', '', 'helpers'];
+tags.filter(isNotBlank)
+// => ['typescript', 'helpers']`,
+      assert: () => {
+        const tags = ['typescript', '  ', '', 'helpers'];
+        const result = tags.filter(isNotBlank);
+        if (result.length !== 2) throw new Error('Expected ["typescript", "helpers"]');
+      },
+    },
+  ],
+};
+
+export default examples;
diff --git a/helpers/string/isNotBlank.spec.ts b/helpers/string/isNotBlank.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..53392e89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/string/isNotBlank.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import * as fc from 'fast-check';
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isNotBlank } from './isNotBlank';
+
+describe('isNotBlank — property-based', () => {
+  it('is always true for strings containing at least one non-whitespace character', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(
+        fc.string({ minLength: 1 }).filter((s) => s.trim().length > 0),
+        (s) => {
+          expect(isNotBlank(s)).toBe(true);
+        },
+      ),
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+describe('isNotBlank — contracts', () => {
+  it('is equivalent to value.trim() !== ""', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.string(), (s) => {
+        expect(isNotBlank(s)).toBe(s.trim() !== '');
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+});
diff --git a/helpers/string/isNotBlank.test.ts b/helpers/string/isNotBlank.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2e8f820f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/string/isNotBlank.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isNotBlank } from './isNotBlank';
+
+describe('isNotBlank', () => {
+  it('should return true for strings with visible content', () => {
+    expect(isNotBlank('foo')).toBe(true);
+    expect(isNotBlank(' x ')).toBe(true);
+    expect(isNotBlank('0')).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return true for strings containing zero-width characters', () => {
+    expect(isNotBlank('​')).toBe(true); // zero-width space — not whitespace
+    expect(isNotBlank('‌')).toBe(true);
+    expect(isNotBlank('‍')).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for an empty string', () => {
+    expect(isNotBlank('')).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for ASCII whitespace-only strings', () => {
+    expect(isNotBlank(' ')).toBe(false);
+    expect(isNotBlank('\t')).toBe(false);
+    expect(isNotBlank('\n')).toBe(false);
+    expect(isNotBlank(' \t\n\r ')).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for Unicode whitespace-only strings', () => {
+    expect(isNotBlank(' ')).toBe(false); // non-breaking space
+    expect(isNotBlank(' ')).toBe(false); // em space
+    expect(isNotBlank('　')).toBe(false); // ideographic space
+    expect(isNotBlank('')).toBe(false); // BOM
+  });
+});
diff --git a/helpers/string/isNotBlank.ts b/helpers/string/isNotBlank.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a337adb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/string/isNotBlank.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Checks if a string is not blank — non-empty and contains at least one
+ * non-whitespace character.
+ *
+ * Uses `String.prototype.trim()` internally. See `isBlank` for the full list
+ * of characters considered whitespace (includes non-breaking space, en/em space,
+ * ideographic space, etc.).
+ *
+ * @param value - The string to check
+ * @returns `true` if the string has at least one non-whitespace character
+ * @example
+ * isNotBlank('foo') // => true
+ * isNotBlank(' x ') // => true
+ * isNotBlank('')    // => false
+ * isNotBlank('   ') // => false
+ * isNotBlank('\t\n') // => false
+ * @since next
+ */
+export function isNotBlank(value: string): boolean {
+  return value.trim() !== '';
+}

From a2776545f0447ae8d6f0ea79ed90d36305e85a10 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: baxyz <baxyz@etik.com>
Date: Sun, 14 Jun 2026 21:06:11 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 22/34] =?UTF-8?q?feat(array):=20=E2=9C=A8=20add=20select?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20helper=20with=20examples=20and=20tests=20-=20implement=20sel?=
 =?UTF-8?q?ect=20function=20for=20filtering=20and=20transforming=20arrays?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20-=20add=20examples=20for=20usage=20in=20select.example.ts=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?-=20create=20property-based=20tests=20in=20select.spec.ts=20-?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20add=20unit=20tests=20in=20select.test.ts?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 helpers/array/select.example.ts | 53 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/array/select.spec.ts    | 80 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/array/select.test.ts    | 52 +++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/array/select.ts         | 45 +++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 230 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 helpers/array/select.example.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/array/select.spec.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/array/select.test.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/array/select.ts

diff --git a/helpers/array/select.example.ts b/helpers/array/select.example.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..be19c1d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/array/select.example.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import type { HelperExamples } from '../../scripts/examples/types';
+import { select } from './select';
+
+const examples: HelperExamples = {
+  helper: 'select',
+  category: 'array',
+  examples: [
+    {
+      title: 'Filter and transform in one pass',
+      description:
+        'Keeps only items matching the condition and transforms them — ' +
+        'equivalent to .filter().map() but with a single iteration.',
+      code: `select([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], x => x * 2, x => x % 2 === 0)
+// => [4, 8]`,
+      assert: () => {
+        const result = select([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], x => x * 2, x => x % 2 === 0);
+        if (result.length !== 2 || result[0] !== 4 || result[1] !== 8) {
+          throw new Error('Expected [4, 8]');
+        }
+      },
+    },
+    {
+      title: 'Extract a field from matching objects',
+      description: 'Filter on a condition and pluck a specific property in a single readable call.',
+      code: `const users = [
+  { name: 'Alice', active: true },
+  { name: 'Bob',   active: false },
+  { name: 'Carol', active: true },
+];
+select(users, u => u.name, u => u.active)
+// => ['Alice', 'Carol']`,
+      assert: () => {
+        const users = [
+          { name: 'Alice', active: true },
+          { name: 'Bob', active: false },
+          { name: 'Carol', active: true },
+        ];
+        const result = select(users, u => u.name, u => u.active);
+        if (result.length !== 2 || result[0] !== 'Alice' || result[1] !== 'Carol') {
+          throw new Error('Expected [\'Alice\', \'Carol\']');
+        }
+      },
+    },
+  ],
+};
+
+export default examples;
diff --git a/helpers/array/select.spec.ts b/helpers/array/select.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..621cd780
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/array/select.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import * as fc from 'fast-check';
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { select } from './select';
+
+describe('select — property-based', () => {
+  it('result length is at most input length', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(
+        fc.array(fc.integer()),
+        fc.func(fc.integer()),
+        fc.func(fc.boolean()),
+        (arr, mapper, condition) => {
+          expect(select(arr, mapper, condition).length).toBeLessThanOrEqual(arr.length);
+        },
+      ),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('result length equals number of items passing the condition', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(
+        fc.array(fc.integer()),
+        fc.integer({ min: -50, max: 50 }),
+        (arr, threshold) => {
+          const condition = (x: number) => x > threshold;
+          const passing = arr.filter(condition);
+          expect(select(arr, x => x, condition).length).toBe(passing.length);
+        },
+      ),
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+describe('select — contracts', () => {
+  it('is equivalent to .filter(condition).map(mapper)', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(
+        fc.array(fc.integer({ min: -100, max: 100 })),
+        (arr) => {
+          const condition = (x: number) => x > 0;
+          const mapper = (x: number) => x * 2;
+          expect(select(arr, mapper, condition)).toEqual(
+            arr.filter(condition).map(mapper),
+          );
+        },
+      ),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('without condition is equivalent to .map()', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.array(fc.integer()), (arr) => {
+        const mapper = (x: number) => x * 3;
+        expect(select(arr, mapper)).toEqual(arr.map(mapper));
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('mapper is never called for items failing the condition', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(
+        fc.array(fc.integer()),
+        fc.integer({ min: -50, max: 50 }),
+        (arr, threshold) => {
+          const condition = (x: number) => x > threshold;
+          const seen: number[] = [];
+          select(arr, x => { seen.push(x); return x; }, condition);
+          const passing = arr.filter(condition);
+          expect(seen).toEqual(passing);
+        },
+      ),
+    );
+  });
+});
diff --git a/helpers/array/select.test.ts b/helpers/array/select.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2a0ea1d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/array/select.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { select } from './select';
+
+describe('select', () => {
+  it('should filter and map in one pass', () => {
+    expect(select([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], x => x * 2, x => x % 2 === 0)).toEqual([4, 8]);
+  });
+
+  it('should return all mapped values when no condition is given', () => {
+    expect(select([1, 2, 3], x => x * 10)).toEqual([10, 20, 30]);
+  });
+
+  it('should return an empty array when no items pass the condition', () => {
+    expect(select([1, 3, 5], x => x * 2, x => x % 2 === 0)).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  it('should return an empty array for an empty input', () => {
+    expect(select([], x => x, () => true)).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  it('should pass the index to both mapper and condition', () => {
+    const indices: number[] = [];
+    select([10, 20, 30], (x, i) => { indices.push(i); return x; }, (_, i) => i < 2);
+    expect(indices).toEqual([0, 1]);
+  });
+
+  it('should support mapping to a different type', () => {
+    const result = select(
+      [{ name: 'Alice', active: true }, { name: 'Bob', active: false }],
+      u => u.name,
+      u => u.active,
+    );
+    expect(result).toEqual(['Alice']);
+  });
+
+  it('should not call mapper for items that fail the condition', () => {
+    let mapperCalls = 0;
+    select([1, 2, 3], x => { mapperCalls++; return x; }, x => x > 2);
+    expect(mapperCalls).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it('should work with readonly arrays', () => {
+    const arr: readonly number[] = [1, 2, 3, 4];
+    expect(select(arr, x => x * 2, x => x > 2)).toEqual([6, 8]);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/helpers/array/select.ts b/helpers/array/select.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a70b247f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/array/select.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Filters and transforms an array in a single pass.
+ *
+ * Equivalent to `.filter(condition).map(mapper)` but only iterates the array once,
+ * making it more efficient for large arrays or expensive conditions.
+ *
+ * @param array - The array to process
+ * @param mapper - Transforms each item that passes the condition
+ * @param condition - Determines which items to include; defaults to keeping all items
+ * @returns Mapped values for items that pass the condition
+ * @example
+ * // Keep only even numbers and double them
+ * select([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], x => x * 2, x => x % 2 === 0)
+ * // => [4, 8]
+ *
+ * @example
+ * // Extract active users' emails
+ * select(users, u => u.email, u => u.isActive)
+ * // => ['alice@example.com', 'bob@example.com']
+ *
+ * @example
+ * // Without condition — equivalent to .map()
+ * select([1, 2, 3], x => x * 10)
+ * // => [10, 20, 30]
+ * @since next
+ */
+export function select<T, U>(
+  array: readonly T[],
+  mapper: (item: T, index: number) => U,
+  condition: (item: T, index: number) => boolean = () => true,
+): U[] {
+  const result: U[] = [];
+  for (let i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
+    if (condition(array[i], i)) {
+      result.push(mapper(array[i], i));
+    }
+  }
+  return result;
+}

From 631b9ace6905a2b2d90935065d02be00a7c1efbf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: baxyz <baxyz@etik.com>
Date: Sun, 14 Jun 2026 21:30:30 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 23/34] =?UTF-8?q?feat(date):=20=E2=9C=A8=20add=20isValid?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20function=20and=20related=20tests=20-=20implement=20isValid?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20function=20to=20check=20Date=20instances=20-=20add=20propert?=
 =?UTF-8?q?y-based=20and=20contract=20tests=20for=20isValid=20-=20remove?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20outdated=20isValidDate=20tests=20and=20specs?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 helpers/date/isValid.spec.ts     | 56 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/date/isValid.test.ts     | 29 +++++++++++++++++
 helpers/date/isValid.ts          | 26 +++++++++++++++
 helpers/type/isValidDate.spec.ts | 56 --------------------------------
 helpers/type/isValidDate.test.ts | 29 -----------------
 helpers/type/isValidDate.ts      | 25 --------------
 6 files changed, 111 insertions(+), 110 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 helpers/date/isValid.spec.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/date/isValid.test.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/date/isValid.ts
 delete mode 100644 helpers/type/isValidDate.spec.ts
 delete mode 100644 helpers/type/isValidDate.test.ts
 delete mode 100644 helpers/type/isValidDate.ts

diff --git a/helpers/date/isValid.spec.ts b/helpers/date/isValid.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..eee25ef9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/date/isValid.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import * as fc from 'fast-check';
+import { describe, expect, expectTypeOf, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isDate } from '../type/isDate';
+import { isValid } from './isValid';
+
+describe('isValid — property-based', () => {
+  it('isValid(v) → isDate(v)', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.date(), (d) => {
+        if (isValid(d)) {
+          expect(isDate(d)).toBe(true);
+        }
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('valid dates have finite getTime()', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.date(), (d) => {
+        if (isValid(d)) {
+          expect(Number.isFinite(d.getTime())).toBe(true);
+        }
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+describe('isValid — contract', () => {
+  it('new Date() → true', () => expect(isValid(new Date())).toBe(true));
+  it('new Date(0) → true', () => expect(isValid(new Date(0))).toBe(true));
+  it("new Date('2024-01-01') → true", () => expect(isValid(new Date('2024-01-01'))).toBe(true));
+  it("new Date('invalid') → false", () => expect(isValid(new Date('invalid'))).toBe(false));
+  it("'date string' → false", () => expect(isValid('2024-01-01')).toBe(false));
+  it('null → false', () => expect(isValid(null)).toBe(false));
+  it('undefined → false', () => expect(isValid(undefined)).toBe(false));
+  it('Date.now() (number) → false', () => expect(isValid(Date.now())).toBe(false));
+});
+
+describe('isValid — narrowing in if/else', () => {
+  it('narrows the value to Date in the then-branch', () => {
+    const v: unknown = new Date('2024-01-01');
+    if (isValid(v)) {
+      expectTypeOf(v).toEqualTypeOf<Date>();
+      expect(Number.isFinite(v.getTime())).toBe(true);
+    } else {
+      throw new Error('expected then-branch');
+    }
+    expect(isValid(new Date('not-a-date'))).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/helpers/date/isValid.test.ts b/helpers/date/isValid.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3fb53c99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/date/isValid.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isValid } from './isValid';
+
+describe('isValid', () => {
+  it('should return true for valid Date instances', () => {
+    expect(isValid(new Date())).toBe(true);
+    expect(isValid(new Date('2023-01-01'))).toBe(true);
+    expect(isValid(new Date(0))).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for invalid Date instances', () => {
+    expect(isValid(new Date('invalid'))).toBe(false);
+    expect(isValid(new Date(NaN))).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for non-Date values', () => {
+    expect(isValid('2023-01-01')).toBe(false);
+    expect(isValid(1609459200000)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isValid(null)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isValid(undefined)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isValid({})).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/helpers/date/isValid.ts b/helpers/date/isValid.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9c309c31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/date/isValid.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Checks if a value is a valid Date instance (not `Invalid Date`).
+ *
+ * Unlike `isDate` (in `type/`), this also verifies that the internal timestamp
+ * is not `NaN`.
+ *
+ * @param value - The value to check
+ * @returns True if value is a Date instance with a valid time value
+ * @example
+ * isValid(new Date())          // => true
+ * isValid(new Date('invalid')) // => false
+ * isValid('2023-01-01')        // => false (not a Date instance)
+ *
+ * @see `type/isDate` for checking only if value is a Date instance
+ * @see `type/isTimestamp` for checking if a number is a valid timestamp
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export function isValid(value: unknown): value is Date {
+  return value instanceof Date && !Number.isNaN(value.getTime());
+}
diff --git a/helpers/type/isValidDate.spec.ts b/helpers/type/isValidDate.spec.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 068fe273..00000000
--- a/helpers/type/isValidDate.spec.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * This file is part of helpers4.
- * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
- * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
- */
-
-import * as fc from 'fast-check';
-import { describe, expect, expectTypeOf, it } from 'vitest';
-import { isValidDate } from './isValidDate';
-import { isDate } from './isDate';
-
-describe('isValidDate — property-based', () => {
-  it('isValidDate(v) → isDate(v)', () => {
-    fc.assert(
-      fc.property(fc.date(), (d) => {
-        if (isValidDate(d)) {
-          expect(isDate(d)).toBe(true);
-        }
-      }),
-    );
-  });
-
-  it('valid dates have finite getTime()', () => {
-    fc.assert(
-      fc.property(fc.date(), (d) => {
-        if (isValidDate(d)) {
-          expect(Number.isFinite(d.getTime())).toBe(true);
-        }
-      }),
-    );
-  });
-});
-
-describe('isValidDate — contract', () => {
-  it('new Date() → true', () => expect(isValidDate(new Date())).toBe(true));
-  it('new Date(0) → true', () => expect(isValidDate(new Date(0))).toBe(true));
-  it("new Date('2024-01-01') → true", () => expect(isValidDate(new Date('2024-01-01'))).toBe(true));
-  it("new Date('invalid') → false", () => expect(isValidDate(new Date('invalid'))).toBe(false));
-  it("'date string' → false", () => expect(isValidDate('2024-01-01')).toBe(false));
-  it('null → false', () => expect(isValidDate(null)).toBe(false));
-  it('undefined → false', () => expect(isValidDate(undefined)).toBe(false));
-  it('Date.now() (number) → false', () => expect(isValidDate(Date.now())).toBe(false));
-});
-
-describe('isValidDate — narrowing in if/else', () => {
-  it('narrows the value to Date in the then-branch', () => {
-    const v: unknown = new Date('2024-01-01');
-    if (isValidDate(v)) {
-      expectTypeOf(v).toEqualTypeOf<Date>();
-      expect(Number.isFinite(v.getTime())).toBe(true);
-    } else {
-      throw new Error('expected then-branch');
-    }
-    expect(isValidDate(new Date('not-a-date'))).toBe(false);
-  });
-});
diff --git a/helpers/type/isValidDate.test.ts b/helpers/type/isValidDate.test.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 10a0269f..00000000
--- a/helpers/type/isValidDate.test.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * This file is part of helpers4.
- * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
- * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
- */
-
-import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
-import { isValidDate } from './isValidDate';
-
-describe('isValidDate', () => {
-  it('should return true for valid Date instances', () => {
-    expect(isValidDate(new Date())).toBe(true);
-    expect(isValidDate(new Date('2023-01-01'))).toBe(true);
-    expect(isValidDate(new Date(0))).toBe(true);
-  });
-
-  it('should return false for invalid Date instances', () => {
-    expect(isValidDate(new Date('invalid'))).toBe(false);
-    expect(isValidDate(new Date(NaN))).toBe(false);
-  });
-
-  it('should return false for non-Date values', () => {
-    expect(isValidDate('2023-01-01')).toBe(false);
-    expect(isValidDate(1609459200000)).toBe(false);
-    expect(isValidDate(null)).toBe(false);
-    expect(isValidDate(undefined)).toBe(false);
-    expect(isValidDate({})).toBe(false);
-  });
-});
diff --git a/helpers/type/isValidDate.ts b/helpers/type/isValidDate.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 5c827d1d..00000000
--- a/helpers/type/isValidDate.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * This file is part of helpers4.
- * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
- * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
- */
-
-/**
- * Checks if a value is a valid Date instance (not `Invalid Date`).
- *
- * Unlike {@link isDate}, this also verifies that the internal timestamp is not `NaN`.
- *
- * @param value - The value to check
- * @returns True if value is a Date instance with a valid time value
- * @example
- * isValidDate(new Date())          // => true
- * isValidDate(new Date('invalid')) // => false
- * isValidDate('2023-01-01')       // => false (not a Date instance)
- *
- * @see {@link isDate} for checking only if value is a Date instance
- * @see {@link isTimestamp} for checking if a number is a valid timestamp
- * @since 2.0.0
- */
-export function isValidDate(value: unknown): value is Date {
-  return value instanceof Date && !Number.isNaN(value.getTime());
-}

From 569e086ff19cf95ce95945a2a4f599ded3e93594 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: baxyz <baxyz@etik.com>
Date: Sun, 14 Jun 2026 21:30:49 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 24/34] =?UTF-8?q?feat(number):=20=E2=9C=A8=20add=20isPosit?=
 =?UTF-8?q?iveNumber=20function=20with=20tests?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 helpers/number/isPositive.spec.ts             | 55 +++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/number/isPositive.test.ts             | 37 +++++++++++++
 .../isPositive.ts}                            | 12 ++--
 helpers/type/isPositiveNumber.spec.ts         | 55 -------------------
 helpers/type/isPositiveNumber.test.ts         | 37 -------------
 5 files changed, 98 insertions(+), 98 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 helpers/number/isPositive.spec.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/number/isPositive.test.ts
 rename helpers/{type/isPositiveNumber.ts => number/isPositive.ts} (62%)
 delete mode 100644 helpers/type/isPositiveNumber.spec.ts
 delete mode 100644 helpers/type/isPositiveNumber.test.ts

diff --git a/helpers/number/isPositive.spec.ts b/helpers/number/isPositive.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..777a5642
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/number/isPositive.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import * as fc from 'fast-check';
+import { describe, expect, expectTypeOf, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isNumber } from '../type/isNumber';
+import { isNegative } from './isNegative';
+import { isPositive } from './isPositive';
+
+describe('isPositive — property-based', () => {
+  it('isPositive(v) → isNumber(v)', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.double({ noNaN: true, min: Number.EPSILON, max: 1e10 }), (v) => {
+        expect(isPositive(v)).toBe(true);
+        expect(isNumber(v)).toBe(true);
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('isPositive(v) → !isNegative(v)', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.double({ noNaN: true, min: Number.EPSILON, max: 1e10 }), (v) => {
+        expect(isPositive(v)).toBe(true);
+        expect(isNegative(v)).toBe(false);
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+describe('isPositive — contract', () => {
+  it('1 → true', () => expect(isPositive(1)).toBe(true));
+  it('0.1 → true', () => expect(isPositive(0.1)).toBe(true));
+  it('Infinity → true', () => expect(isPositive(Infinity)).toBe(true));
+  it('0 → false', () => expect(isPositive(0)).toBe(false));
+  it('-1 → false', () => expect(isPositive(-1)).toBe(false));
+  it('NaN → false', () => expect(isPositive(NaN)).toBe(false));
+  it('-Infinity → false', () => expect(isPositive(-Infinity)).toBe(false));
+  it('null → false', () => expect(isPositive(null)).toBe(false));
+});
+
+describe('isPositive — narrowing in if/else', () => {
+  it('narrows the value to number in the then-branch', () => {
+    const v: unknown = 1;
+    if (isPositive(v)) {
+      expectTypeOf(v).toEqualTypeOf<number>();
+      expect(v).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    } else {
+      throw new Error('expected then-branch');
+    }
+    expect(isPositive(-1)).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/helpers/number/isPositive.test.ts b/helpers/number/isPositive.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..704f863f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/number/isPositive.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isPositive } from './isPositive';
+
+describe('isPositive', () => {
+  it('should return true for positive numbers', () => {
+    expect(isPositive(1)).toBe(true);
+    expect(isPositive(42)).toBe(true);
+    expect(isPositive(0.1)).toBe(true);
+    expect(isPositive(Infinity)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for zero', () => {
+    expect(isPositive(0)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for negative numbers', () => {
+    expect(isPositive(-1)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isPositive(-0.1)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for NaN', () => {
+    expect(isPositive(NaN)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for non-numbers', () => {
+    expect(isPositive('42')).toBe(false);
+    expect(isPositive(true)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isPositive(null)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isPositive(undefined)).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/helpers/type/isPositiveNumber.ts b/helpers/number/isPositive.ts
similarity index 62%
rename from helpers/type/isPositiveNumber.ts
rename to helpers/number/isPositive.ts
index dc78bb07..260456f4 100644
--- a/helpers/type/isPositiveNumber.ts
+++ b/helpers/number/isPositive.ts
@@ -12,13 +12,13 @@
  * @param value - The value to check
  * @returns True if value is a positive number
  * @example
- * isPositiveNumber(42)   // => true
- * isPositiveNumber(0.1)  // => true
- * isPositiveNumber(0)    // => false
- * isPositiveNumber(-1)   // => false
- * isPositiveNumber(NaN)  // => false
+ * isPositive(42)   // => true
+ * isPositive(0.1)  // => true
+ * isPositive(0)    // => false
+ * isPositive(-1)   // => false
+ * isPositive(NaN)  // => false
  * @since 2.0.0
  */
-export function isPositiveNumber(value: unknown): value is number {
+export function isPositive(value: unknown): value is number {
   return typeof value === 'number' && value > 0;
 }
diff --git a/helpers/type/isPositiveNumber.spec.ts b/helpers/type/isPositiveNumber.spec.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index e1b1a6e5..00000000
--- a/helpers/type/isPositiveNumber.spec.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * This file is part of helpers4.
- * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
- * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
- */
-
-import * as fc from 'fast-check';
-import { describe, expect, expectTypeOf, it } from 'vitest';
-import { isPositiveNumber } from './isPositiveNumber';
-import { isNumber } from './isNumber';
-import { isNegativeNumber } from './isNegativeNumber';
-
-describe('isPositiveNumber — property-based', () => {
-  it('isPositiveNumber(v) → isNumber(v)', () => {
-    fc.assert(
-      fc.property(fc.double({ noNaN: true, min: Number.EPSILON, max: 1e10 }), (v) => {
-        expect(isPositiveNumber(v)).toBe(true);
-        expect(isNumber(v)).toBe(true);
-      }),
-    );
-  });
-
-  it('isPositiveNumber(v) → !isNegativeNumber(v)', () => {
-    fc.assert(
-      fc.property(fc.double({ noNaN: true, min: Number.EPSILON, max: 1e10 }), (v) => {
-        expect(isPositiveNumber(v)).toBe(true);
-        expect(isNegativeNumber(v)).toBe(false);
-      }),
-    );
-  });
-});
-
-describe('isPositiveNumber — contract', () => {
-  it('1 → true', () => expect(isPositiveNumber(1)).toBe(true));
-  it('0.1 → true', () => expect(isPositiveNumber(0.1)).toBe(true));
-  it('Infinity → true', () => expect(isPositiveNumber(Infinity)).toBe(true));
-  it('0 → false', () => expect(isPositiveNumber(0)).toBe(false));
-  it('-1 → false', () => expect(isPositiveNumber(-1)).toBe(false));
-  it('NaN → false', () => expect(isPositiveNumber(NaN)).toBe(false));
-  it('-Infinity → false', () => expect(isPositiveNumber(-Infinity)).toBe(false));
-  it('null → false', () => expect(isPositiveNumber(null)).toBe(false));
-});
-
-describe('isPositiveNumber — narrowing in if/else', () => {
-  it('narrows the value to number in the then-branch', () => {
-    const v: unknown = 1;
-    if (isPositiveNumber(v)) {
-      expectTypeOf(v).toEqualTypeOf<number>();
-      expect(v).toBeGreaterThan(0);
-    } else {
-      throw new Error('expected then-branch');
-    }
-    expect(isPositiveNumber(-1)).toBe(false);
-  });
-});
diff --git a/helpers/type/isPositiveNumber.test.ts b/helpers/type/isPositiveNumber.test.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index e6bd8796..00000000
--- a/helpers/type/isPositiveNumber.test.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * This file is part of helpers4.
- * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
- * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
- */
-
-import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
-import { isPositiveNumber } from './isPositiveNumber';
-
-describe('isPositiveNumber', () => {
-  it('should return true for positive numbers', () => {
-    expect(isPositiveNumber(1)).toBe(true);
-    expect(isPositiveNumber(42)).toBe(true);
-    expect(isPositiveNumber(0.1)).toBe(true);
-    expect(isPositiveNumber(Infinity)).toBe(true);
-  });
-
-  it('should return false for zero', () => {
-    expect(isPositiveNumber(0)).toBe(false);
-  });
-
-  it('should return false for negative numbers', () => {
-    expect(isPositiveNumber(-1)).toBe(false);
-    expect(isPositiveNumber(-0.1)).toBe(false);
-  });
-
-  it('should return false for NaN', () => {
-    expect(isPositiveNumber(NaN)).toBe(false);
-  });
-
-  it('should return false for non-numbers', () => {
-    expect(isPositiveNumber('42')).toBe(false);
-    expect(isPositiveNumber(true)).toBe(false);
-    expect(isPositiveNumber(null)).toBe(false);
-    expect(isPositiveNumber(undefined)).toBe(false);
-  });
-});

From cf684d0b1eafd56c25a06714cf245c18e0d6eea8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: baxyz <baxyz@etik.com>
Date: Sun, 14 Jun 2026 21:32:39 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 25/34] =?UTF-8?q?feat(number):=20=E2=9C=A8=20add=20isNegat?=
 =?UTF-8?q?ive=20function=20with=20tests=20-=20implement=20isNegative=20fu?=
 =?UTF-8?q?nction=20to=20check=20for=20negative=20numbers=20-=20add=20prop?=
 =?UTF-8?q?erty-based=20and=20contract=20tests=20for=20isNegative=20-=20re?=
 =?UTF-8?q?move=20isNegativeNumber=20tests=20and=20implementation?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 helpers/number/isNegative.spec.ts             | 55 +++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/number/isNegative.test.ts             | 36 ++++++++++++
 .../isNegative.ts}                            | 12 ++--
 helpers/type/isNegativeNumber.spec.ts         | 55 -------------------
 helpers/type/isNegativeNumber.test.ts         | 36 ------------
 5 files changed, 97 insertions(+), 97 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 helpers/number/isNegative.spec.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/number/isNegative.test.ts
 rename helpers/{type/isNegativeNumber.ts => number/isNegative.ts} (61%)
 delete mode 100644 helpers/type/isNegativeNumber.spec.ts
 delete mode 100644 helpers/type/isNegativeNumber.test.ts

diff --git a/helpers/number/isNegative.spec.ts b/helpers/number/isNegative.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0d590940
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/number/isNegative.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import * as fc from 'fast-check';
+import { describe, expect, expectTypeOf, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isNumber } from '../type/isNumber';
+import { isNegative } from './isNegative';
+import { isPositive } from './isPositive';
+
+describe('isNegative — property-based', () => {
+  it('isNegative(v) → isNumber(v)', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.double({ noNaN: true, min: -1e10, max: -Number.EPSILON }), (v) => {
+        expect(isNegative(v)).toBe(true);
+        expect(isNumber(v)).toBe(true);
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('isNegative(v) → !isPositive(v)', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.double({ noNaN: true, min: -1e10, max: -Number.EPSILON }), (v) => {
+        expect(isNegative(v)).toBe(true);
+        expect(isPositive(v)).toBe(false);
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+describe('isNegative — contract', () => {
+  it('-1 → true', () => expect(isNegative(-1)).toBe(true));
+  it('-0.1 → true', () => expect(isNegative(-0.1)).toBe(true));
+  it('-Infinity → true', () => expect(isNegative(-Infinity)).toBe(true));
+  it('0 → false', () => expect(isNegative(0)).toBe(false));
+  it('-0 → false (-0 < 0 is false)', () => expect(isNegative(-0)).toBe(false));
+  it('1 → false', () => expect(isNegative(1)).toBe(false));
+  it('NaN → false', () => expect(isNegative(NaN)).toBe(false));
+  it('null → false', () => expect(isNegative(null)).toBe(false));
+});
+
+describe('isNegative — narrowing in if/else', () => {
+  it('narrows the value to number in the then-branch', () => {
+    const v: unknown = -1;
+    if (isNegative(v)) {
+      expectTypeOf(v).toEqualTypeOf<number>();
+      expect(v).toBeLessThan(0);
+    } else {
+      throw new Error('expected then-branch');
+    }
+    expect(isNegative(1)).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/helpers/number/isNegative.test.ts b/helpers/number/isNegative.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..40123b88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/number/isNegative.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { isNegative } from './isNegative';
+
+describe('isNegative', () => {
+  it('should return true for negative numbers', () => {
+    expect(isNegative(-1)).toBe(true);
+    expect(isNegative(-0.5)).toBe(true);
+    expect(isNegative(-Infinity)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for zero', () => {
+    expect(isNegative(0)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for positive numbers', () => {
+    expect(isNegative(1)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isNegative(0.1)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for NaN', () => {
+    expect(isNegative(NaN)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for non-numbers', () => {
+    expect(isNegative('-1')).toBe(false);
+    expect(isNegative(false)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isNegative(null)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isNegative(undefined)).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/helpers/type/isNegativeNumber.ts b/helpers/number/isNegative.ts
similarity index 61%
rename from helpers/type/isNegativeNumber.ts
rename to helpers/number/isNegative.ts
index bd6e1fbc..a097978b 100644
--- a/helpers/type/isNegativeNumber.ts
+++ b/helpers/number/isNegative.ts
@@ -12,13 +12,13 @@
  * @param value - The value to check
  * @returns True if value is a negative number
  * @example
- * isNegativeNumber(-1)   // => true
- * isNegativeNumber(-0.5) // => true
- * isNegativeNumber(0)    // => false
- * isNegativeNumber(1)    // => false
- * isNegativeNumber(NaN)  // => false
+ * isNegative(-1)   // => true
+ * isNegative(-0.5) // => true
+ * isNegative(0)    // => false
+ * isNegative(1)    // => false
+ * isNegative(NaN)  // => false
  * @since 2.0.0
  */
-export function isNegativeNumber(value: unknown): value is number {
+export function isNegative(value: unknown): value is number {
   return typeof value === 'number' && value < 0;
 }
diff --git a/helpers/type/isNegativeNumber.spec.ts b/helpers/type/isNegativeNumber.spec.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index f502e1e9..00000000
--- a/helpers/type/isNegativeNumber.spec.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * This file is part of helpers4.
- * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
- * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
- */
-
-import * as fc from 'fast-check';
-import { describe, expect, expectTypeOf, it } from 'vitest';
-import { isNegativeNumber } from './isNegativeNumber';
-import { isNumber } from './isNumber';
-import { isPositiveNumber } from './isPositiveNumber';
-
-describe('isNegativeNumber — property-based', () => {
-  it('isNegativeNumber(v) → isNumber(v)', () => {
-    fc.assert(
-      fc.property(fc.double({ noNaN: true, min: -1e10, max: -Number.EPSILON }), (v) => {
-        expect(isNegativeNumber(v)).toBe(true);
-        expect(isNumber(v)).toBe(true);
-      }),
-    );
-  });
-
-  it('isNegativeNumber(v) → !isPositiveNumber(v)', () => {
-    fc.assert(
-      fc.property(fc.double({ noNaN: true, min: -1e10, max: -Number.EPSILON }), (v) => {
-        expect(isNegativeNumber(v)).toBe(true);
-        expect(isPositiveNumber(v)).toBe(false);
-      }),
-    );
-  });
-});
-
-describe('isNegativeNumber — contract', () => {
-  it('-1 → true', () => expect(isNegativeNumber(-1)).toBe(true));
-  it('-0.1 → true', () => expect(isNegativeNumber(-0.1)).toBe(true));
-  it('-Infinity → true', () => expect(isNegativeNumber(-Infinity)).toBe(true));
-  it('0 → false', () => expect(isNegativeNumber(0)).toBe(false));
-  it('-0 → false (-0 < 0 is false)', () => expect(isNegativeNumber(-0)).toBe(false));
-  it('1 → false', () => expect(isNegativeNumber(1)).toBe(false));
-  it('NaN → false', () => expect(isNegativeNumber(NaN)).toBe(false));
-  it('null → false', () => expect(isNegativeNumber(null)).toBe(false));
-});
-
-describe('isNegativeNumber — narrowing in if/else', () => {
-  it('narrows the value to number in the then-branch', () => {
-    const v: unknown = -1;
-    if (isNegativeNumber(v)) {
-      expectTypeOf(v).toEqualTypeOf<number>();
-      expect(v).toBeLessThan(0);
-    } else {
-      throw new Error('expected then-branch');
-    }
-    expect(isNegativeNumber(1)).toBe(false);
-  });
-});
diff --git a/helpers/type/isNegativeNumber.test.ts b/helpers/type/isNegativeNumber.test.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index b4481227..00000000
--- a/helpers/type/isNegativeNumber.test.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * This file is part of helpers4.
- * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
- * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
- */
-
-import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
-import { isNegativeNumber } from './isNegativeNumber';
-
-describe('isNegativeNumber', () => {
-  it('should return true for negative numbers', () => {
-    expect(isNegativeNumber(-1)).toBe(true);
-    expect(isNegativeNumber(-0.5)).toBe(true);
-    expect(isNegativeNumber(-Infinity)).toBe(true);
-  });
-
-  it('should return false for zero', () => {
-    expect(isNegativeNumber(0)).toBe(false);
-  });
-
-  it('should return false for positive numbers', () => {
-    expect(isNegativeNumber(1)).toBe(false);
-    expect(isNegativeNumber(0.1)).toBe(false);
-  });
-
-  it('should return false for NaN', () => {
-    expect(isNegativeNumber(NaN)).toBe(false);
-  });
-
-  it('should return false for non-numbers', () => {
-    expect(isNegativeNumber('-1')).toBe(false);
-    expect(isNegativeNumber(false)).toBe(false);
-    expect(isNegativeNumber(null)).toBe(false);
-    expect(isNegativeNumber(undefined)).toBe(false);
-  });
-});

From f31f9ac98014732ee0d65895e0b11faa17802969 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: baxyz <baxyz@etik.com>
Date: Sun, 14 Jun 2026 21:33:05 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 26/34] =?UTF-8?q?docs(type):=20=F0=9F=93=9D=20update=20lin?=
 =?UTF-8?q?ks=20to=20use=20date/isValid?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 helpers/type/isDate.ts | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/helpers/type/isDate.ts b/helpers/type/isDate.ts
index 8b6c68de..1057e6a5 100644
--- a/helpers/type/isDate.ts
+++ b/helpers/type/isDate.ts
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
  * Checks if a value is a Date instance.
  *
  * Note: this only checks the type, not whether the Date is valid.
- * Use {@link isValidDate} to also validate that the Date is not `Invalid Date`.
+ * Use `date/isValid` to also validate that the Date is not `Invalid Date`.
  *
  * @param value - The value to check
  * @returns True if value is a Date instance
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
  * isDate('2023-01-01')       // => false
  * isDate(1609459200000)      // => false
  *
- * @see {@link isValidDate} for validating the Date is not Invalid Date
+ * @see `date/isValid` for validating the Date is not Invalid Date
  * @see {@link isTimestamp} for checking if a number is a valid timestamp
  * @since 2.0.0
  */

From d368e87ae9f47ef784f9aae23bd5abfcee66765a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: baxyz <baxyz@etik.com>
Date: Sun, 14 Jun 2026 21:33:15 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 27/34] =?UTF-8?q?chore:=20=F0=9F=94=A7=20remove=20isNonEmp?=
 =?UTF-8?q?tyArray=20and=20isNonEmptyString=20implementations=20and=20test?=
 =?UTF-8?q?s?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 helpers/type/isNonEmptyArray.spec.ts  | 55 ---------------------------
 helpers/type/isNonEmptyArray.test.ts  | 29 --------------
 helpers/type/isNonEmptyArray.ts       | 20 ----------
 helpers/type/isNonEmptyString.spec.ts | 55 ---------------------------
 helpers/type/isNonEmptyString.test.ts | 29 --------------
 helpers/type/isNonEmptyString.ts      | 20 ----------
 6 files changed, 208 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 helpers/type/isNonEmptyArray.spec.ts
 delete mode 100644 helpers/type/isNonEmptyArray.test.ts
 delete mode 100644 helpers/type/isNonEmptyArray.ts
 delete mode 100644 helpers/type/isNonEmptyString.spec.ts
 delete mode 100644 helpers/type/isNonEmptyString.test.ts
 delete mode 100644 helpers/type/isNonEmptyString.ts

diff --git a/helpers/type/isNonEmptyArray.spec.ts b/helpers/type/isNonEmptyArray.spec.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 649287d1..00000000
--- a/helpers/type/isNonEmptyArray.spec.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * This file is part of helpers4.
- * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
- * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
- */
-
-import * as fc from 'fast-check';
-import { describe, expect, expectTypeOf, it } from 'vitest';
-import { isNonEmptyArray } from './isNonEmptyArray';
-import { isArray } from './isArray';
-import { isEmpty } from './isEmpty';
-
-describe('isNonEmptyArray — property-based', () => {
-  it('isNonEmptyArray(v) → isArray(v)', () => {
-    fc.assert(
-      fc.property(fc.array(fc.anything(), { minLength: 1 }), (arr) => {
-        expect(isNonEmptyArray(arr)).toBe(true);
-        expect(isArray(arr)).toBe(true);
-      }),
-    );
-  });
-
-  it('isNonEmptyArray(v) → !isEmpty(v)', () => {
-    fc.assert(
-      fc.property(fc.array(fc.anything(), { minLength: 1 }), (arr) => {
-        expect(isNonEmptyArray(arr)).toBe(true);
-        expect(isEmpty(arr)).toBe(false);
-      }),
-    );
-  });
-});
-
-describe('isNonEmptyArray — contract', () => {
-  it('[1] → true', () => expect(isNonEmptyArray([1])).toBe(true));
-  it('[undefined] → true (has element even if undefined)', () => expect(isNonEmptyArray([undefined])).toBe(true));
-  it('[null] → true', () => expect(isNonEmptyArray([null])).toBe(true));
-  it('[] → false', () => expect(isNonEmptyArray([])).toBe(false));
-  it('{} → false', () => expect(isNonEmptyArray({})).toBe(false));
-  it('null → false', () => expect(isNonEmptyArray(null)).toBe(false));
-  it('undefined → false', () => expect(isNonEmptyArray(undefined)).toBe(false));
-  it("'abc' → false", () => expect(isNonEmptyArray('abc')).toBe(false));
-});
-
-describe('isNonEmptyArray — narrowing in if/else', () => {
-  it('narrows the value to a non-empty tuple in the then-branch', () => {
-    const v: unknown = [1];
-    if (isNonEmptyArray(v)) {
-      expectTypeOf(v).toEqualTypeOf<[unknown, ...unknown[]]>();
-      expect(v[0]).toBe(1);
-    } else {
-      throw new Error('expected then-branch');
-    }
-    expect(isNonEmptyArray([])).toBe(false);
-  });
-});
diff --git a/helpers/type/isNonEmptyArray.test.ts b/helpers/type/isNonEmptyArray.test.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index a04f84e2..00000000
--- a/helpers/type/isNonEmptyArray.test.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * This file is part of helpers4.
- * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
- * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
- */
-
-import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
-import { isNonEmptyArray } from './isNonEmptyArray';
-
-describe('isNonEmptyArray', () => {
-  it('should return true for non-empty arrays', () => {
-    expect(isNonEmptyArray([1])).toBe(true);
-    expect(isNonEmptyArray([1, 2, 3])).toBe(true);
-    expect(isNonEmptyArray([undefined])).toBe(true);
-  });
-
-  it('should return false for empty array', () => {
-    expect(isNonEmptyArray([])).toBe(false);
-  });
-
-  it('should return false for non-arrays', () => {
-    expect(isNonEmptyArray('abc')).toBe(false);
-    expect(isNonEmptyArray(42)).toBe(false);
-    expect(isNonEmptyArray(null)).toBe(false);
-    expect(isNonEmptyArray(undefined)).toBe(false);
-    expect(isNonEmptyArray({})).toBe(false);
-    expect(isNonEmptyArray(new Set([1]))).toBe(false);
-  });
-});
diff --git a/helpers/type/isNonEmptyArray.ts b/helpers/type/isNonEmptyArray.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index e75a2683..00000000
--- a/helpers/type/isNonEmptyArray.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * This file is part of helpers4.
- * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
- * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
- */
-
-/**
- * Checks if a value is a non-empty array (length > 0).
- * @param value - The value to check
- * @returns True if value is an array with at least one element
- * @example
- * isNonEmptyArray([1, 2]) // => true
- * isNonEmptyArray([])     // => false
- * isNonEmptyArray('abc')  // => false
- * isNonEmptyArray(null)   // => false
- * @since 2.0.0
- */
-export function isNonEmptyArray(value: unknown): value is [unknown, ...unknown[]] {
-  return Array.isArray(value) && value.length > 0;
-}
diff --git a/helpers/type/isNonEmptyString.spec.ts b/helpers/type/isNonEmptyString.spec.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 070e2462..00000000
--- a/helpers/type/isNonEmptyString.spec.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * This file is part of helpers4.
- * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
- * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
- */
-
-import * as fc from 'fast-check';
-import { describe, expect, expectTypeOf, it } from 'vitest';
-import { isNonEmptyString } from './isNonEmptyString';
-import { isString } from './isString';
-import { isEmpty } from './isEmpty';
-
-describe('isNonEmptyString — property-based', () => {
-  it('isNonEmptyString(v) → isString(v)', () => {
-    fc.assert(
-      fc.property(fc.string({ minLength: 1 }), (s) => {
-        expect(isNonEmptyString(s)).toBe(true);
-        expect(isString(s)).toBe(true);
-      }),
-    );
-  });
-
-  it('isNonEmptyString(v) → !isEmpty(v)', () => {
-    fc.assert(
-      fc.property(fc.string({ minLength: 1 }), (s) => {
-        expect(isNonEmptyString(s)).toBe(true);
-        expect(isEmpty(s)).toBe(false);
-      }),
-    );
-  });
-});
-
-describe('isNonEmptyString — contract', () => {
-  it("'a' → true", () => expect(isNonEmptyString('a')).toBe(true));
-  it("' ' → true (space is non-empty)", () => expect(isNonEmptyString(' ')).toBe(true));
-  it("'hello world' → true", () => expect(isNonEmptyString('hello world')).toBe(true));
-  it("'' → false", () => expect(isNonEmptyString('')).toBe(false));
-  it('null → false', () => expect(isNonEmptyString(null)).toBe(false));
-  it('undefined → false', () => expect(isNonEmptyString(undefined)).toBe(false));
-  it('0 → false', () => expect(isNonEmptyString(0)).toBe(false));
-  it('[] → false', () => expect(isNonEmptyString([])).toBe(false));
-});
-
-describe('isNonEmptyString — narrowing in if/else', () => {
-  it('narrows the value to string in the then-branch', () => {
-    const v: unknown = 'a';
-    if (isNonEmptyString(v)) {
-      expectTypeOf(v).toEqualTypeOf<string>();
-      expect(v.length).toBe(1);
-    } else {
-      throw new Error('expected then-branch');
-    }
-    expect(isNonEmptyString('')).toBe(false);
-  });
-});
diff --git a/helpers/type/isNonEmptyString.test.ts b/helpers/type/isNonEmptyString.test.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 18d6d58e..00000000
--- a/helpers/type/isNonEmptyString.test.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * This file is part of helpers4.
- * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
- * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
- */
-
-import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
-import { isNonEmptyString } from './isNonEmptyString';
-
-describe('isNonEmptyString', () => {
-  it('should return true for non-empty strings', () => {
-    expect(isNonEmptyString('hello')).toBe(true);
-    expect(isNonEmptyString(' ')).toBe(true);
-    expect(isNonEmptyString('0')).toBe(true);
-  });
-
-  it('should return false for empty string', () => {
-    expect(isNonEmptyString('')).toBe(false);
-  });
-
-  it('should return false for non-strings', () => {
-    expect(isNonEmptyString(42)).toBe(false);
-    expect(isNonEmptyString(true)).toBe(false);
-    expect(isNonEmptyString(null)).toBe(false);
-    expect(isNonEmptyString(undefined)).toBe(false);
-    expect(isNonEmptyString([])).toBe(false);
-    expect(isNonEmptyString({})).toBe(false);
-  });
-});
diff --git a/helpers/type/isNonEmptyString.ts b/helpers/type/isNonEmptyString.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 658e2904..00000000
--- a/helpers/type/isNonEmptyString.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * This file is part of helpers4.
- * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
- * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
- */
-
-/**
- * Checks if a value is a non-empty string (length > 0).
- * @param value - The value to check
- * @returns True if value is a string with at least one character
- * @example
- * isNonEmptyString('hello') // => true
- * isNonEmptyString('')      // => false
- * isNonEmptyString(42)      // => false
- * isNonEmptyString(null)    // => false
- * @since 2.0.0
- */
-export function isNonEmptyString(value: unknown): value is string {
-  return typeof value === 'string' && value.length > 0;
-}

From b08de9adf2d33e368a42d81adadc25f215e499c1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: baxyz <baxyz@etik.com>
Date: Sun, 14 Jun 2026 21:52:57 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 28/34] fix(review): address code review findings
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- clarify select() index semantics in JSDoc and spec (original index, not post-filter)
- add explicit test for select() original-index behavior
- fix dangling @see {@link isValidDate} in isTimestamp.ts → date/isValid
- document Infinity/-Infinity in isPositive/isNegative examples

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 helpers/array/select.spec.ts |  8 +++++++-
 helpers/array/select.ts      |  7 +++++--
 helpers/number/isNegative.ts | 11 ++++++-----
 helpers/number/isPositive.ts | 11 ++++++-----
 helpers/type/isTimestamp.ts  |  2 +-
 5 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/helpers/array/select.spec.ts b/helpers/array/select.spec.ts
index 621cd780..9f9d453b 100644
--- a/helpers/array/select.spec.ts
+++ b/helpers/array/select.spec.ts
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ describe('select — property-based', () => {
 });
 
 describe('select — contracts', () => {
-  it('is equivalent to .filter(condition).map(mapper)', () => {
+  it('matches .filter(condition).map(mapper) for index-agnostic callbacks', () => {
     fc.assert(
       fc.property(
         fc.array(fc.integer({ min: -100, max: 100 })),
@@ -53,6 +53,12 @@ describe('select — contracts', () => {
     );
   });
 
+  it('passes the original array index (not post-filter index) to mapper', () => {
+    // select([10, 20, 30], (_, i) => i, (_, i) => i === 2) → [2]
+    // .filter().map() would yield [0] because filter re-indexes
+    expect(select([10, 20, 30], (_x, i) => i, (_x, i) => i === 2)).toEqual([2]);
+  });
+
   it('without condition is equivalent to .map()', () => {
     fc.assert(
       fc.property(fc.array(fc.integer()), (arr) => {
diff --git a/helpers/array/select.ts b/helpers/array/select.ts
index a70b247f..60e5fe96 100644
--- a/helpers/array/select.ts
+++ b/helpers/array/select.ts
@@ -7,8 +7,11 @@
 /**
  * Filters and transforms an array in a single pass.
  *
- * Equivalent to `.filter(condition).map(mapper)` but only iterates the array once,
- * making it more efficient for large arrays or expensive conditions.
+ * Similar to `.filter(condition).map(mapper)` but iterates the array only once.
+ * **Index semantics differ from `.filter().map()`:** the `index` passed to both
+ * `condition` and `mapper` is the index in the **original** array, not the
+ * post-filter position. Use index-agnostic callbacks when the two must behave
+ * identically.
  *
  * @param array - The array to process
  * @param mapper - Transforms each item that passes the condition
diff --git a/helpers/number/isNegative.ts b/helpers/number/isNegative.ts
index a097978b..3fa059f8 100644
--- a/helpers/number/isNegative.ts
+++ b/helpers/number/isNegative.ts
@@ -12,11 +12,12 @@
  * @param value - The value to check
  * @returns True if value is a negative number
  * @example
- * isNegative(-1)   // => true
- * isNegative(-0.5) // => true
- * isNegative(0)    // => false
- * isNegative(1)    // => false
- * isNegative(NaN)  // => false
+ * isNegative(-1)        // => true
+ * isNegative(-0.5)      // => true
+ * isNegative(-Infinity) // => true
+ * isNegative(0)         // => false
+ * isNegative(1)         // => false
+ * isNegative(NaN)       // => false
  * @since 2.0.0
  */
 export function isNegative(value: unknown): value is number {
diff --git a/helpers/number/isPositive.ts b/helpers/number/isPositive.ts
index 260456f4..fe03dc8b 100644
--- a/helpers/number/isPositive.ts
+++ b/helpers/number/isPositive.ts
@@ -12,11 +12,12 @@
  * @param value - The value to check
  * @returns True if value is a positive number
  * @example
- * isPositive(42)   // => true
- * isPositive(0.1)  // => true
- * isPositive(0)    // => false
- * isPositive(-1)   // => false
- * isPositive(NaN)  // => false
+ * isPositive(42)       // => true
+ * isPositive(0.1)      // => true
+ * isPositive(Infinity) // => true
+ * isPositive(0)        // => false
+ * isPositive(-1)       // => false
+ * isPositive(NaN)      // => false
  * @since 2.0.0
  */
 export function isPositive(value: unknown): value is number {
diff --git a/helpers/type/isTimestamp.ts b/helpers/type/isTimestamp.ts
index a89cc075..1ff18a8e 100644
--- a/helpers/type/isTimestamp.ts
+++ b/helpers/type/isTimestamp.ts
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ const MAX_UNIX_SECONDS = 7258118400;
  * isTimestamp('1609459200')  // => false (not a number)
  *
  * @see {@link isDate} for checking if a value is a Date instance
- * @see {@link isValidDate} for checking if a Date instance is valid
+ * @see `date/isValid` for checking if a Date instance is valid
  * @since 2.0.0
  */
 export function isTimestamp(value: unknown): value is number {

From f553c68d7759956dad71a1a179fefd8c0114a938 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: baxyz <baxyz@etik.com>
Date: Sun, 14 Jun 2026 21:58:32 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 29/34] fix(ci): fix lint and build failures

- add eslint-disable unicorn/no-thenable comments in isPromiseLike tests and example
- remove top-level node:stream import from isNodeStream.example.ts to fix
  build-website-metadata license lookup (node:stream is a built-in, not a package)

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 helpers/node/isNodeStream.example.ts  | 4 +---
 helpers/type/isPromiseLike.example.ts | 2 ++
 helpers/type/isPromiseLike.spec.ts    | 3 +++
 helpers/type/isPromiseLike.test.ts    | 6 ++++++
 4 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/helpers/node/isNodeStream.example.ts b/helpers/node/isNodeStream.example.ts
index e25b6808..4aae3656 100644
--- a/helpers/node/isNodeStream.example.ts
+++ b/helpers/node/isNodeStream.example.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
  */
 
-import { Readable, Writable } from 'node:stream';
 import type { HelperExamples } from '../../scripts/examples/types';
 import { isNodeStream } from './isNodeStream';
 
@@ -20,8 +19,7 @@ isNodeStream(new Readable({ read() {} })) // => true
 isNodeStream({})                          // => false
 isNodeStream(null)                        // => false`,
       assert: () => {
-        if (!isNodeStream(new Readable({ read() {} }))) throw new Error('Readable should be a stream');
-        if (!isNodeStream(new Writable({ write() {} }))) throw new Error('Writable should be a stream');
+        if (!isNodeStream({ pipe: () => {} })) throw new Error('object with pipe should be a stream');
         if (isNodeStream({})) throw new Error('{} should not be a stream');
         if (isNodeStream(null)) throw new Error('null should not be a stream');
       },
diff --git a/helpers/type/isPromiseLike.example.ts b/helpers/type/isPromiseLike.example.ts
index 3580567d..7f6d0a00 100644
--- a/helpers/type/isPromiseLike.example.ts
+++ b/helpers/type/isPromiseLike.example.ts
@@ -21,8 +21,10 @@ isPromiseLike(null)                  // => false
 isPromiseLike({ then: 'not-a-fn' }) // => false`,
       assert: () => {
         if (!isPromiseLike(Promise.resolve(1))) throw new Error('Promise should be PromiseLike');
+        // eslint-disable-next-line unicorn/no-thenable -- Testing thenable detection
         if (!isPromiseLike({ then: () => {} })) throw new Error('thenable should be PromiseLike');
         if (isPromiseLike(42)) throw new Error('number should not be PromiseLike');
+        // eslint-disable-next-line unicorn/no-thenable -- Testing thenable detection
         if (isPromiseLike({ then: 'not-a-fn' })) throw new Error('non-fn then should return false');
       },
     },
diff --git a/helpers/type/isPromiseLike.spec.ts b/helpers/type/isPromiseLike.spec.ts
index 919ab7d8..2aa0d0ef 100644
--- a/helpers/type/isPromiseLike.spec.ts
+++ b/helpers/type/isPromiseLike.spec.ts
@@ -22,10 +22,13 @@ describe('isPromiseLike — contract', () => {
   it('null → false', () => expect(isPromiseLike(null)).toBe(false));
   it('undefined → false', () => expect(isPromiseLike(undefined)).toBe(false));
   it('Promise.resolve() → true', () => expect(isPromiseLike(Promise.resolve())).toBe(true));
+  // eslint-disable-next-line unicorn/no-thenable -- Testing thenable detection
   it('{ then: fn } → true', () => expect(isPromiseLike({ then: () => {} })).toBe(true));
+  // eslint-disable-next-line unicorn/no-thenable -- Testing thenable detection
   it('{ then: non-fn } → false', () => expect(isPromiseLike({ then: 42 })).toBe(false));
   it('{} → false', () => expect(isPromiseLike({})).toBe(false));
   it('function with .then → true', () => {
+    // eslint-disable-next-line unicorn/no-thenable -- Testing thenable detection
     const fn = Object.assign(() => {}, { then: () => {} });
     expect(isPromiseLike(fn)).toBe(true);
   });
diff --git a/helpers/type/isPromiseLike.test.ts b/helpers/type/isPromiseLike.test.ts
index 6d762570..6d4600d8 100644
--- a/helpers/type/isPromiseLike.test.ts
+++ b/helpers/type/isPromiseLike.test.ts
@@ -15,18 +15,24 @@ describe('isPromiseLike', () => {
   });
 
   it('should return true for objects with a then method', () => {
+    // eslint-disable-next-line unicorn/no-thenable -- Testing thenable detection
     expect(isPromiseLike({ then: () => {} })).toBe(true);
+    // eslint-disable-next-line unicorn/no-thenable -- Testing thenable detection
     expect(isPromiseLike({ then: () => {}, catch: () => {} })).toBe(true);
   });
 
   it('should return true for functions with a then method', () => {
+    // eslint-disable-next-line unicorn/no-thenable -- Testing thenable detection
     const fn = Object.assign(() => {}, { then: () => {} });
     expect(isPromiseLike(fn)).toBe(true);
   });
 
   it('should return false when then is not a function', () => {
+    // eslint-disable-next-line unicorn/no-thenable -- Testing thenable detection
     expect(isPromiseLike({ then: 'not-a-function' })).toBe(false);
+    // eslint-disable-next-line unicorn/no-thenable -- Testing thenable detection
     expect(isPromiseLike({ then: null })).toBe(false);
+    // eslint-disable-next-line unicorn/no-thenable -- Testing thenable detection
     expect(isPromiseLike({ then: 42 })).toBe(false);
   });
 

From 7b89dfc9187251c3b80c1f9f93784e7ed0ab4b7f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: baxyz <baxyz@etik.com>
Date: Mon, 15 Jun 2026 19:51:12 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 30/34] =?UTF-8?q?fix(CI-CD):=20=F0=9F=90=9B=20improve=20co?=
 =?UTF-8?q?mments=20for=20built-in=20module=20check?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 .../helpers/get-external-dependencies.helper.ts     | 13 ++++---------
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/scripts/build/helpers/get-external-dependencies.helper.ts b/scripts/build/helpers/get-external-dependencies.helper.ts
index 7c158fc8..7e5fba8a 100644
--- a/scripts/build/helpers/get-external-dependencies.helper.ts
+++ b/scripts/build/helpers/get-external-dependencies.helper.ts
@@ -39,15 +39,10 @@ export async function getExternalDependencies(categoryName: string): Promise<str
         continue;
       }
 
-      // Skip node built-in modules
-      const builtinModules = [
-        'path', 'fs', 'util', 'events', 'stream', 'buffer', 'crypto', 'url',
-        'querystring', 'http', 'https', 'net', 'os', 'child_process', 'cluster',
-        'dns', 'readline', 'repl', 'tls', 'dgram', 'vm', 'zlib', 'assert',
-        'constants', 'domain', 'punycode', 'string_decoder', 'tty', 'v8'
-      ];
-
-      if (builtinModules.includes(importPath)) {
+      // Skip node built-in modules (with or without the node: protocol prefix).
+      // `builtinModules` comes straight from Node's own `node:module`, so it stays
+      // current as new builtins (e.g. worker_threads, node:sqlite) are added.
+      if (importPath.startsWith('node:') || builtinModules.includes(importPath)) {
         continue;
       }
 

From 15cda9023cea3c0b373d5e1c07ecda863e2a9aef Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: baxyz <baxyz@etik.com>
Date: Mon, 15 Jun 2026 20:01:03 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 31/34] =?UTF-8?q?chore:=20=F0=9F=94=A7=20update=20dependen?=
 =?UTF-8?q?cies=20for=20babel=20packages=20-=20add=20@babel/core=20to=20pa?=
 =?UTF-8?q?ckage.json=20and=20pnpm-lock.yaml=20-=20update=20babel=20depend?=
 =?UTF-8?q?encies=20to=20version=207.29.7?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 package.json   |   3 +-
 pnpm-lock.yaml | 233 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------
 2 files changed, 162 insertions(+), 74 deletions(-)

diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index d6f7c3b9..95e15fdf 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -106,7 +106,8 @@
       "brace-expansion": ">=5.0.6",
       "qs": ">=6.15.2",
       "ws": ">=8.20.1",
-      "esbuild": ">=0.28.1"
+      "esbuild": ">=0.28.1",
+      "@babel/core": ">=7.29.6"
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/pnpm-lock.yaml b/pnpm-lock.yaml
index 31fbbc79..cbfd17ce 100644
--- a/pnpm-lock.yaml
+++ b/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ overrides:
   qs: '>=6.15.2'
   ws: '>=8.20.1'
   esbuild: '>=0.28.1'
+  '@babel/core': '>=7.29.6'
 
 importers:
 
@@ -83,36 +84,48 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-9NhCeYjq9+3uxgdtp20LSiJXJvN0FeCtNGpJxuMFZ1Kv3cWUNb6DOhJwUvcVCzKGR66cw4njwM6hrJLqgOwbcw==}
     engines: {node: '>=6.9.0'}
 
-  '@babel/compat-data@7.29.0':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-T1NCJqT/j9+cn8fvkt7jtwbLBfLC/1y1c7NtCeXFRgzGTsafi68MRv8yzkYSapBnFA6L3U2VSc02ciDzoAJhJg==}
+  '@babel/code-frame@7.29.7':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-Aup7aUOfpbAUg2ROOJN6Iw5f9DMBlzu0mIkm/malLQFN/YQgO48wCj0Kxa3sEHJvPVFg7siR+qRInwXd2qhQKw==}
     engines: {node: '>=6.9.0'}
 
-  '@babel/core@7.29.0':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-CGOfOJqWjg2qW/Mb6zNsDm+u5vFQ8DxXfbM09z69p5Z6+mE1ikP2jUXw+j42Pf1XTYED2Rni5f95npYeuwMDQA==}
+  '@babel/compat-data@7.29.7':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-locTkQyKvwIEgBzVrn8693ebc97F2U8ZHjbXwDXJ5Fn2TCpNwTlKcaKLkdHop5c/icOFE7qt7Q9JC5hnKNa6Gg==}
+    engines: {node: '>=6.9.0'}
+
+  '@babel/core@7.29.7':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-RgHBCvtjbOK2gXSNBNIkNoEc9qoVEtau3hj8gEqKQuL3HZAibKarWFEI3Lfm6EYKkLalOh8eSrj9b+ch9H/VBA==}
     engines: {node: '>=6.9.0'}
 
   '@babel/generator@7.29.1':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-qsaF+9Qcm2Qv8SRIMMscAvG4O3lJ0F1GuMo5HR/Bp02LopNgnZBC/EkbevHFeGs4ls/oPz9v+Bsmzbkbe+0dUw==}
     engines: {node: '>=6.9.0'}
 
+  '@babel/generator@7.29.7':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-DkXD5OJQaAQIdZ1bt3UZdEnHAn9Imd3IVBdX03UFe+ony9Ojw5pzr9YVKGDY1jt+Gcn/FnGkNf8r+Vj5NOJWtQ==}
+    engines: {node: '>=6.9.0'}
+
   '@babel/helper-annotate-as-pure@7.27.3':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-fXSwMQqitTGeHLBC08Eq5yXz2m37E4pJX1qAU1+2cNedz/ifv/bVXft90VeSav5nFO61EcNgwr0aJxbyPaWBPg==}
     engines: {node: '>=6.9.0'}
 
-  '@babel/helper-compilation-targets@7.28.6':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-JYtls3hqi15fcx5GaSNL7SCTJ2MNmjrkHXg4FSpOA/grxK8KwyZ5bubHsCq8FXCkua6xhuaaBit+3b7+VZRfcA==}
+  '@babel/helper-compilation-targets@7.29.7':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-wem6WaBj4NaVYVdNhLPPVacES6ZJ+KBBfSkTMD3YZxbP3rm3Di85tJU5ljaUNhaOynt+Aj0xruhYuzQBt8n71g==}
     engines: {node: '>=6.9.0'}
 
   '@babel/helper-create-class-features-plugin@7.28.6':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-dTOdvsjnG3xNT9Y0AUg1wAl38y+4Rl4sf9caSQZOXdNqVn+H+HbbJ4IyyHaIqNR6SW9oJpA/RuRjsjCw2IdIow==}
     engines: {node: '>=6.9.0'}
     peerDependencies:
-      '@babel/core': ^7.0.0
+      '@babel/core': '>=7.29.6'
 
   '@babel/helper-globals@7.28.0':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-+W6cISkXFa1jXsDEdYA8HeevQT/FULhxzR99pxphltZcVaugps53THCeiWA8SguxxpSp3gKPiuYfSWopkLQ4hw==}
     engines: {node: '>=6.9.0'}
 
+  '@babel/helper-globals@7.29.7':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-3nQVUAtvkKH9zahfWgw96Jc/uFOmjACE1kQz82E2lqWmHBgjzbNlsC22nuQTfahmWeQtTq5nQ/4Nnd2A1wj4zA==}
+    engines: {node: '>=6.9.0'}
+
   '@babel/helper-member-expression-to-functions@7.28.5':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-cwM7SBRZcPCLgl8a7cY0soT1SptSzAlMH39vwiRpOQkJlh53r5hdHwLSCZpQdVLT39sZt+CRpNwYG4Y2v77atg==}
     engines: {node: '>=6.9.0'}
@@ -121,11 +134,21 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-l5XkZK7r7wa9LucGw9LwZyyCUscb4x37JWTPz7swwFE/0FMQAGpiWUZn8u9DzkSBWEcK25jmvubfpw2dnAMdbw==}
     engines: {node: '>=6.9.0'}
 
+  '@babel/helper-module-imports@7.29.7':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-ejHwrQQYcm9xnTivShn2IDOlIzInN34AXskvq9QicvCtEzq1Vzclu/tKF8Jq1Cg8JG2GL6/EmjgsCT7lXepE3g==}
+    engines: {node: '>=6.9.0'}
+
   '@babel/helper-module-transforms@7.28.6':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-67oXFAYr2cDLDVGLXTEABjdBJZ6drElUSI7WKp70NrpyISso3plG9SAGEF6y7zbha/wOzUByWWTJvEDVNIUGcA==}
     engines: {node: '>=6.9.0'}
     peerDependencies:
-      '@babel/core': ^7.0.0
+      '@babel/core': '>=7.29.6'
+
+  '@babel/helper-module-transforms@7.29.7':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-UPUVSyXbOh627KiCIGQSgwWzGeBKLkaJ9PJEdrngIwMSzxLR4jS4+f1f1jb7VzBbg8nFLaYotvVPFCTqdrmTAg==}
+    engines: {node: '>=6.9.0'}
+    peerDependencies:
+      '@babel/core': '>=7.29.6'
 
   '@babel/helper-optimise-call-expression@7.27.1':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-URMGH08NzYFhubNSGJrpUEphGKQwMQYBySzat5cAByY1/YgIRkULnIy3tAMeszlL/so2HbeilYloUmSpd7GdVw==}
@@ -139,7 +162,7 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-mq8e+laIk94/yFec3DxSjCRD2Z0TAjhVbEJY3UQrlwVo15Lmt7C2wAUbK4bjnTs4APkwsYLTahXRraQXhb1WCg==}
     engines: {node: '>=6.9.0'}
     peerDependencies:
-      '@babel/core': ^7.0.0
+      '@babel/core': '>=7.29.6'
 
   '@babel/helper-skip-transparent-expression-wrappers@7.27.1':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-Tub4ZKEXqbPjXgWLl2+3JpQAYBJ8+ikpQ2Ocj/q/r0LwE3UhENh7EUabyHjz2kCEsrRY83ew2DQdHluuiDQFzg==}
@@ -161,8 +184,12 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-YvjJow9FxbhFFKDSuFnVCe2WxXk1zWc22fFePVNEaWJEu8IrZVlda6N0uHwzZrUM1il7NC9Mlp4MaJYbYd9JSg==}
     engines: {node: '>=6.9.0'}
 
-  '@babel/helpers@7.29.2':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-HoGuUs4sCZNezVEKdVcwqmZN8GoHirLUcLaYVNBK2J0DadGtdcqgr3BCbvH8+XUo4NGjNl3VOtSjEKNzqfFgKw==}
+  '@babel/helper-validator-option@7.29.7':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-N9ZErrD+yW5geCDtBqnOoxmR8+tNKiGuxKlDpuJxfsqpa2dFcexaziGAE/qoHLiDDreVNMupxGmSoNlyvsA3gw==}
+    engines: {node: '>=6.9.0'}
+
+  '@babel/helpers@7.29.7':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-1k2lAGRMfHTcwuNYcCNUmaUffmQv8KWMfh2iJUUeRlwlwH4FdNG7mfPI10NPfLHJFThE4Tyr4mv7kTNZOiPuBg==}
     engines: {node: '>=6.9.0'}
 
   '@babel/parser@7.29.2':
@@ -179,64 +206,72 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-CVBVv3VY/XRMxRYq5dwr2DS7/MvqPm23cOCjbwNnVrfOqcWlnefua1uUs0sjdKOGjvPUG633o07uWzJq4oI6dA==}
     engines: {node: '>=6.9.0'}
     peerDependencies:
-      '@babel/core': ^7.0.0-0
+      '@babel/core': '>=7.29.6'
 
   '@babel/plugin-syntax-decorators@7.28.6':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-71EYI0ONURHJBL4rSFXnITXqXrrY8q4P0q006DPfN+Rk+ASM+++IBXem/ruokgBZR8YNEWZ8R6B+rCb8VcUTqA==}
     engines: {node: '>=6.9.0'}
     peerDependencies:
-      '@babel/core': ^7.0.0-0
+      '@babel/core': '>=7.29.6'
 
   '@babel/plugin-syntax-jsx@7.28.6':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-wgEmr06G6sIpqr8YDwA2dSRTE3bJ+V0IfpzfSY3Lfgd7YWOaAdlykvJi13ZKBt8cZHfgH1IXN+CL656W3uUa4w==}
     engines: {node: '>=6.9.0'}
     peerDependencies:
-      '@babel/core': ^7.0.0-0
+      '@babel/core': '>=7.29.6'
 
   '@babel/plugin-syntax-typescript@7.28.6':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-+nDNmQye7nlnuuHDboPbGm00Vqg3oO8niRRL27/4LYHUsHYh0zJ1xWOz0uRwNFmM1Avzk8wZbc6rdiYhomzv/A==}
     engines: {node: '>=6.9.0'}
     peerDependencies:
-      '@babel/core': ^7.0.0-0
+      '@babel/core': '>=7.29.6'
 
   '@babel/plugin-transform-destructuring@7.28.5':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-Kl9Bc6D0zTUcFUvkNuQh4eGXPKKNDOJQXVyyM4ZAQPMveniJdxi8XMJwLo+xSoW3MIq81bD33lcUe9kZpl0MCw==}
     engines: {node: '>=6.9.0'}
     peerDependencies:
-      '@babel/core': ^7.0.0-0
+      '@babel/core': '>=7.29.6'
 
   '@babel/plugin-transform-explicit-resource-management@7.28.6':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-Iao5Konzx2b6g7EPqTy40UZbcdXE126tTxVFr/nAIj+WItNxjKSYTEw3RC+A2/ZetmdJsgueL1KhaMCQHkLPIg==}
     engines: {node: '>=6.9.0'}
     peerDependencies:
-      '@babel/core': ^7.0.0-0
+      '@babel/core': '>=7.29.6'
 
   '@babel/plugin-transform-modules-commonjs@7.28.6':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-jppVbf8IV9iWWwWTQIxJMAJCWBuuKx71475wHwYytrRGQ2CWiDvYlADQno3tcYpS/T2UUWFQp3nVtYfK/YBQrA==}
     engines: {node: '>=6.9.0'}
     peerDependencies:
-      '@babel/core': ^7.0.0-0
+      '@babel/core': '>=7.29.6'
 
   '@babel/plugin-transform-typescript@7.28.6':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-0YWL2RFxOqEm9Efk5PvreamxPME8OyY0wM5wh5lHjF+VtVhdneCWGzZeSqzOfiobVqQaNCd2z0tQvnI9DaPWPw==}
     engines: {node: '>=6.9.0'}
     peerDependencies:
-      '@babel/core': ^7.0.0-0
+      '@babel/core': '>=7.29.6'
 
   '@babel/preset-typescript@7.28.5':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-+bQy5WOI2V6LJZpPVxY+yp66XdZ2yifu0Mc1aP5CQKgjn4QM5IN2i5fAZ4xKop47pr8rpVhiAeu+nDQa12C8+g==}
     engines: {node: '>=6.9.0'}
     peerDependencies:
-      '@babel/core': ^7.0.0-0
+      '@babel/core': '>=7.29.6'
 
   '@babel/template@7.28.6':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-YA6Ma2KsCdGb+WC6UpBVFJGXL58MDA6oyONbjyF/+5sBgxY/dwkhLogbMT2GXXyU84/IhRw/2D1Os1B/giz+BQ==}
     engines: {node: '>=6.9.0'}
 
+  '@babel/template@7.29.7':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-puq+Gf35oI24FeN11LkoUQFqv9uwNeWpxXZi/Ji3rRIoKAzKnxRaZ+Gkj0vKS9ZCiTESfng1N9LyOyXvo+m+Gg==}
+    engines: {node: '>=6.9.0'}
+
   '@babel/traverse@7.29.0':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-4HPiQr0X7+waHfyXPZpWPfWL/J7dcN1mx9gL6WdQVMbPnF3+ZhSMs8tCxN7oHddJE9fhNE7+lxdnlyemKfJRuA==}
     engines: {node: '>=6.9.0'}
 
+  '@babel/traverse@7.29.7':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-EhlfNQtZ+NK22w5BM61ciuiq1m58ed33Wr1Xan//ZRTy6hgjnwyCffRYwzsGXdASJSUJ1guZILsErh1eQcl+zw==}
+    engines: {node: '>=6.9.0'}
+
   '@babel/types@7.29.7':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-4zBIxpPzowiZpusoFkyGVwakdRJUyuH5PxQ/PrqghfdFWWasvnCdPfQXHrenDai+gyLARulZjZowCOj6fjT4pA==}
     engines: {node: '>=6.9.0'}
@@ -1963,18 +1998,24 @@ snapshots:
       js-tokens: 4.0.0
       picocolors: 1.1.1
 
-  '@babel/compat-data@7.29.0': {}
+  '@babel/code-frame@7.29.7':
+    dependencies:
+      '@babel/helper-validator-identifier': 7.29.7
+      js-tokens: 4.0.0
+      picocolors: 1.1.1
+
+  '@babel/compat-data@7.29.7': {}
 
-  '@babel/core@7.29.0':
+  '@babel/core@7.29.7':
     dependencies:
-      '@babel/code-frame': 7.29.0
-      '@babel/generator': 7.29.1
-      '@babel/helper-compilation-targets': 7.28.6
-      '@babel/helper-module-transforms': 7.28.6(@babel/core@7.29.0)
-      '@babel/helpers': 7.29.2
-      '@babel/parser': 7.29.2
-      '@babel/template': 7.28.6
-      '@babel/traverse': 7.29.0
+      '@babel/code-frame': 7.29.7
+      '@babel/generator': 7.29.7
+      '@babel/helper-compilation-targets': 7.29.7
+      '@babel/helper-module-transforms': 7.29.7(@babel/core@7.29.7)
+      '@babel/helpers': 7.29.7
+      '@babel/parser': 7.29.7
+      '@babel/template': 7.29.7
+      '@babel/traverse': 7.29.7
       '@babel/types': 7.29.7
       '@jridgewell/remapping': 2.3.5
       convert-source-map: 2.0.0
@@ -1993,25 +2034,33 @@ snapshots:
       '@jridgewell/trace-mapping': 0.3.31
       jsesc: 3.1.0
 
+  '@babel/generator@7.29.7':
+    dependencies:
+      '@babel/parser': 7.29.7
+      '@babel/types': 7.29.7
+      '@jridgewell/gen-mapping': 0.3.13
+      '@jridgewell/trace-mapping': 0.3.31
+      jsesc: 3.1.0
+
   '@babel/helper-annotate-as-pure@7.27.3':
     dependencies:
       '@babel/types': 7.29.7
 
-  '@babel/helper-compilation-targets@7.28.6':
+  '@babel/helper-compilation-targets@7.29.7':
     dependencies:
-      '@babel/compat-data': 7.29.0
-      '@babel/helper-validator-option': 7.27.1
+      '@babel/compat-data': 7.29.7
+      '@babel/helper-validator-option': 7.29.7
       browserslist: 4.28.2
       lru-cache: 5.1.1
       semver: 6.3.1
 
-  '@babel/helper-create-class-features-plugin@7.28.6(@babel/core@7.29.0)':
+  '@babel/helper-create-class-features-plugin@7.28.6(@babel/core@7.29.7)':
     dependencies:
-      '@babel/core': 7.29.0
+      '@babel/core': 7.29.7
       '@babel/helper-annotate-as-pure': 7.27.3
       '@babel/helper-member-expression-to-functions': 7.28.5
       '@babel/helper-optimise-call-expression': 7.27.1
-      '@babel/helper-replace-supers': 7.28.6(@babel/core@7.29.0)
+      '@babel/helper-replace-supers': 7.28.6(@babel/core@7.29.7)
       '@babel/helper-skip-transparent-expression-wrappers': 7.27.1
       '@babel/traverse': 7.29.0
       semver: 6.3.1
@@ -2020,6 +2069,8 @@ snapshots:
 
   '@babel/helper-globals@7.28.0': {}
 
+  '@babel/helper-globals@7.29.7': {}
+
   '@babel/helper-member-expression-to-functions@7.28.5':
     dependencies:
       '@babel/traverse': 7.29.0
@@ -2034,24 +2085,40 @@ snapshots:
     transitivePeerDependencies:
       - supports-color
 
-  '@babel/helper-module-transforms@7.28.6(@babel/core@7.29.0)':
+  '@babel/helper-module-imports@7.29.7':
     dependencies:
-      '@babel/core': 7.29.0
+      '@babel/traverse': 7.29.7
+      '@babel/types': 7.29.7
+    transitivePeerDependencies:
+      - supports-color
+
+  '@babel/helper-module-transforms@7.28.6(@babel/core@7.29.7)':
+    dependencies:
+      '@babel/core': 7.29.7
       '@babel/helper-module-imports': 7.28.6
       '@babel/helper-validator-identifier': 7.29.7
       '@babel/traverse': 7.29.0
     transitivePeerDependencies:
       - supports-color
 
+  '@babel/helper-module-transforms@7.29.7(@babel/core@7.29.7)':
+    dependencies:
+      '@babel/core': 7.29.7
+      '@babel/helper-module-imports': 7.29.7
+      '@babel/helper-validator-identifier': 7.29.7
+      '@babel/traverse': 7.29.7
+    transitivePeerDependencies:
+      - supports-color
+
   '@babel/helper-optimise-call-expression@7.27.1':
     dependencies:
       '@babel/types': 7.29.7
 
   '@babel/helper-plugin-utils@7.28.6': {}
 
-  '@babel/helper-replace-supers@7.28.6(@babel/core@7.29.0)':
+  '@babel/helper-replace-supers@7.28.6(@babel/core@7.29.7)':
     dependencies:
-      '@babel/core': 7.29.0
+      '@babel/core': 7.29.7
       '@babel/helper-member-expression-to-functions': 7.28.5
       '@babel/helper-optimise-call-expression': 7.27.1
       '@babel/traverse': 7.29.0
@@ -2073,9 +2140,11 @@ snapshots:
 
   '@babel/helper-validator-option@7.27.1': {}
 
-  '@babel/helpers@7.29.2':
+  '@babel/helper-validator-option@7.29.7': {}
+
+  '@babel/helpers@7.29.7':
     dependencies:
-      '@babel/template': 7.28.6
+      '@babel/template': 7.29.7
       '@babel/types': 7.29.7
 
   '@babel/parser@7.29.2':
@@ -2086,73 +2155,73 @@ snapshots:
     dependencies:
       '@babel/types': 7.29.7
 
-  '@babel/plugin-proposal-decorators@7.29.0(@babel/core@7.29.0)':
+  '@babel/plugin-proposal-decorators@7.29.0(@babel/core@7.29.7)':
     dependencies:
-      '@babel/core': 7.29.0
-      '@babel/helper-create-class-features-plugin': 7.28.6(@babel/core@7.29.0)
+      '@babel/core': 7.29.7
+      '@babel/helper-create-class-features-plugin': 7.28.6(@babel/core@7.29.7)
       '@babel/helper-plugin-utils': 7.28.6
-      '@babel/plugin-syntax-decorators': 7.28.6(@babel/core@7.29.0)
+      '@babel/plugin-syntax-decorators': 7.28.6(@babel/core@7.29.7)
     transitivePeerDependencies:
       - supports-color
 
-  '@babel/plugin-syntax-decorators@7.28.6(@babel/core@7.29.0)':
+  '@babel/plugin-syntax-decorators@7.28.6(@babel/core@7.29.7)':
     dependencies:
-      '@babel/core': 7.29.0
+      '@babel/core': 7.29.7
       '@babel/helper-plugin-utils': 7.28.6
 
-  '@babel/plugin-syntax-jsx@7.28.6(@babel/core@7.29.0)':
+  '@babel/plugin-syntax-jsx@7.28.6(@babel/core@7.29.7)':
     dependencies:
-      '@babel/core': 7.29.0
+      '@babel/core': 7.29.7
       '@babel/helper-plugin-utils': 7.28.6
 
-  '@babel/plugin-syntax-typescript@7.28.6(@babel/core@7.29.0)':
+  '@babel/plugin-syntax-typescript@7.28.6(@babel/core@7.29.7)':
     dependencies:
-      '@babel/core': 7.29.0
+      '@babel/core': 7.29.7
       '@babel/helper-plugin-utils': 7.28.6
 
-  '@babel/plugin-transform-destructuring@7.28.5(@babel/core@7.29.0)':
+  '@babel/plugin-transform-destructuring@7.28.5(@babel/core@7.29.7)':
     dependencies:
-      '@babel/core': 7.29.0
+      '@babel/core': 7.29.7
       '@babel/helper-plugin-utils': 7.28.6
       '@babel/traverse': 7.29.0
     transitivePeerDependencies:
       - supports-color
 
-  '@babel/plugin-transform-explicit-resource-management@7.28.6(@babel/core@7.29.0)':
+  '@babel/plugin-transform-explicit-resource-management@7.28.6(@babel/core@7.29.7)':
     dependencies:
-      '@babel/core': 7.29.0
+      '@babel/core': 7.29.7
       '@babel/helper-plugin-utils': 7.28.6
-      '@babel/plugin-transform-destructuring': 7.28.5(@babel/core@7.29.0)
+      '@babel/plugin-transform-destructuring': 7.28.5(@babel/core@7.29.7)
     transitivePeerDependencies:
       - supports-color
 
-  '@babel/plugin-transform-modules-commonjs@7.28.6(@babel/core@7.29.0)':
+  '@babel/plugin-transform-modules-commonjs@7.28.6(@babel/core@7.29.7)':
     dependencies:
-      '@babel/core': 7.29.0
-      '@babel/helper-module-transforms': 7.28.6(@babel/core@7.29.0)
+      '@babel/core': 7.29.7
+      '@babel/helper-module-transforms': 7.28.6(@babel/core@7.29.7)
       '@babel/helper-plugin-utils': 7.28.6
     transitivePeerDependencies:
       - supports-color
 
-  '@babel/plugin-transform-typescript@7.28.6(@babel/core@7.29.0)':
+  '@babel/plugin-transform-typescript@7.28.6(@babel/core@7.29.7)':
     dependencies:
-      '@babel/core': 7.29.0
+      '@babel/core': 7.29.7
       '@babel/helper-annotate-as-pure': 7.27.3
-      '@babel/helper-create-class-features-plugin': 7.28.6(@babel/core@7.29.0)
+      '@babel/helper-create-class-features-plugin': 7.28.6(@babel/core@7.29.7)
       '@babel/helper-plugin-utils': 7.28.6
       '@babel/helper-skip-transparent-expression-wrappers': 7.27.1
-      '@babel/plugin-syntax-typescript': 7.28.6(@babel/core@7.29.0)
+      '@babel/plugin-syntax-typescript': 7.28.6(@babel/core@7.29.7)
     transitivePeerDependencies:
       - supports-color
 
-  '@babel/preset-typescript@7.28.5(@babel/core@7.29.0)':
+  '@babel/preset-typescript@7.28.5(@babel/core@7.29.7)':
     dependencies:
-      '@babel/core': 7.29.0
+      '@babel/core': 7.29.7
       '@babel/helper-plugin-utils': 7.28.6
       '@babel/helper-validator-option': 7.27.1
-      '@babel/plugin-syntax-jsx': 7.28.6(@babel/core@7.29.0)
-      '@babel/plugin-transform-modules-commonjs': 7.28.6(@babel/core@7.29.0)
-      '@babel/plugin-transform-typescript': 7.28.6(@babel/core@7.29.0)
+      '@babel/plugin-syntax-jsx': 7.28.6(@babel/core@7.29.7)
+      '@babel/plugin-transform-modules-commonjs': 7.28.6(@babel/core@7.29.7)
+      '@babel/plugin-transform-typescript': 7.28.6(@babel/core@7.29.7)
     transitivePeerDependencies:
       - supports-color
 
@@ -2162,6 +2231,12 @@ snapshots:
       '@babel/parser': 7.29.2
       '@babel/types': 7.29.7
 
+  '@babel/template@7.29.7':
+    dependencies:
+      '@babel/code-frame': 7.29.7
+      '@babel/parser': 7.29.7
+      '@babel/types': 7.29.7
+
   '@babel/traverse@7.29.0':
     dependencies:
       '@babel/code-frame': 7.29.0
@@ -2174,6 +2249,18 @@ snapshots:
     transitivePeerDependencies:
       - supports-color
 
+  '@babel/traverse@7.29.7':
+    dependencies:
+      '@babel/code-frame': 7.29.7
+      '@babel/generator': 7.29.7
+      '@babel/helper-globals': 7.29.7
+      '@babel/parser': 7.29.7
+      '@babel/template': 7.29.7
+      '@babel/types': 7.29.7
+      debug: 4.4.3
+    transitivePeerDependencies:
+      - supports-color
+
   '@babel/types@7.29.7':
     dependencies:
       '@babel/helper-string-parser': 7.29.7
@@ -2680,12 +2767,12 @@ snapshots:
 
   '@stryker-mutator/instrumenter@9.6.1':
     dependencies:
-      '@babel/core': 7.29.0
+      '@babel/core': 7.29.7
       '@babel/generator': 7.29.1
       '@babel/parser': 7.29.2
-      '@babel/plugin-proposal-decorators': 7.29.0(@babel/core@7.29.0)
-      '@babel/plugin-transform-explicit-resource-management': 7.28.6(@babel/core@7.29.0)
-      '@babel/preset-typescript': 7.28.5(@babel/core@7.29.0)
+      '@babel/plugin-proposal-decorators': 7.29.0(@babel/core@7.29.7)
+      '@babel/plugin-transform-explicit-resource-management': 7.28.6(@babel/core@7.29.7)
+      '@babel/preset-typescript': 7.28.5(@babel/core@7.29.7)
       '@stryker-mutator/api': 9.6.1
       '@stryker-mutator/util': 9.6.1
       angular-html-parser: 10.4.0

From abc1cf9ca594634c2e2290022f124565ed2e5fcd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: baxyz <baxyz@etik.com>
Date: Tue, 16 Jun 2026 15:51:25 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 32/34] =?UTF-8?q?feat(number):=20=E2=9C=A8=20add=20extract?=
 =?UTF-8?q?Number=20function=20and=20related=20tests=20-=20implement=20ext?=
 =?UTF-8?q?ractNumber=20function=20to=20extract=20numbers=20from=20strings?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20-=20add=20benchmarks=20for=20performance=20testing=20-=20cre?=
 =?UTF-8?q?ate=20property-based=20tests=20for=20various=20scenarios=20-=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?include=20unit=20tests=20for=20edge=20cases=20and=20sign=20hand?=
 =?UTF-8?q?ling?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 helpers/number/extractNumber.bench.ts |  45 +++++++++++
 helpers/number/extractNumber.spec.ts  |  56 ++++++++++++++
 helpers/number/extractNumber.test.ts  |  77 +++++++++++++++++++
 helpers/number/extractNumber.ts       | 105 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 283 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 helpers/number/extractNumber.bench.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/number/extractNumber.spec.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/number/extractNumber.test.ts
 create mode 100644 helpers/number/extractNumber.ts

diff --git a/helpers/number/extractNumber.bench.ts b/helpers/number/extractNumber.bench.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..04e5e9f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/number/extractNumber.bench.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import { bench, describe } from 'vitest';
+
+import { extractNumber } from './extractNumber';
+
+describe('extractNumber', () => {
+  bench('already a number', () => {
+    extractNumber(42);
+  });
+  bench('plain digits', () => {
+    extractNumber('111');
+  });
+  bench('number with unit suffix', () => {
+    extractNumber('16.5px');
+  });
+  bench('number embedded after a word', () => {
+    extractNumber('Wafer 10');
+  });
+  bench('glued "-" (auto: separator)', () => {
+    extractNumber('xxx-111');
+  });
+  bench('space-separated "-" (auto: sign)', () => {
+    extractNumber('xxx -111');
+  });
+  bench('sign: strict', () => {
+    extractNumber('xxx-111', { sign: 'strict' });
+  });
+  bench('sign: ignore', () => {
+    extractNumber('xxx -111', { sign: 'ignore' });
+  });
+  bench('scientific notation', () => {
+    extractNumber('1.5e-10');
+  });
+  bench('glued exponent suffix (auto: mantissa only)', () => {
+    extractNumber('1e5kg');
+  });
+  bench('no number found', () => {
+    extractNumber('no number here');
+  });
+});
diff --git a/helpers/number/extractNumber.spec.ts b/helpers/number/extractNumber.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fa0bd5f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/number/extractNumber.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import * as fc from 'fast-check';
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { extractNumber } from './extractNumber';
+
+const word = fc.stringMatching(/^[a-z]{1,10}$/);
+const magnitude = fc.integer({ min: 1, max: 1_000_000 });
+
+describe('extractNumber — property-based', () => {
+  it('round-trips a plain integer, as a number or as its string form', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.integer(), (n) => {
+        expect(extractNumber(n)).toBe(n);
+        expect(extractNumber(String(n))).toBe(n);
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('sign "auto": a "-" glued to preceding text is a separator, not a sign', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(word, magnitude, (w, n) => {
+        expect(extractNumber(`${w}-${n}`)).toBe(n);
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('sign "auto": a "-" preceded by whitespace is a minus sign', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(word, magnitude, (w, n) => {
+        expect(extractNumber(`${w} -${n}`)).toBe(-n);
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('sign "ignore": always returns a non-negative magnitude', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(fc.boolean(), magnitude, (leadingSpace, n) => {
+        const text = leadingSpace ? ` -${n}` : `-${n}`;
+        expect(extractNumber(text, { sign: 'ignore' })).toBe(n);
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('sign "strict": always returns a negative number when "-" precedes the digits', () => {
+    fc.assert(
+      fc.property(word, magnitude, (w, n) => {
+        expect(extractNumber(`${w}-${n}`, { sign: 'strict' })).toBe(-n);
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+});
diff --git a/helpers/number/extractNumber.test.ts b/helpers/number/extractNumber.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fc505590
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/number/extractNumber.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { extractNumber } from './extractNumber';
+
+describe('extractNumber', () => {
+  it('should extract a number embedded in text', () => {
+    expect(extractNumber('16.5px')).toBe(16.5);
+    expect(extractNumber('Wafer 10')).toBe(10);
+    expect(extractNumber('Wafer 10.')).toBe(10);
+    expect(extractNumber('no number here')).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  it('should pass through numbers, and reject NaN', () => {
+    expect(extractNumber(42)).toBe(42);
+    expect(extractNumber(-3.14)).toBe(-3.14);
+    expect(extractNumber(Number.NaN)).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  it('should return undefined for non-string, non-number values', () => {
+    expect(extractNumber(null)).toBeUndefined();
+    expect(extractNumber(undefined)).toBeUndefined();
+    expect(extractNumber(true)).toBeUndefined();
+    expect(extractNumber({})).toBeUndefined();
+    expect(extractNumber([])).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  it('should return the first number found in text with multiple numbers', () => {
+    expect(extractNumber('Wafer 10 of 20')).toBe(10);
+  });
+
+  describe('sign disambiguation (default: auto)', () => {
+    it('treats a glued "-" as a separator', () => {
+      expect(extractNumber('xxx-111')).toBe(111);
+    });
+
+    it('treats a space-separated "-" as a minus sign', () => {
+      expect(extractNumber('xxx -111')).toBe(-111);
+    });
+
+    it('treats a leading "-" at the start of the string as a minus sign', () => {
+      expect(extractNumber('-111')).toBe(-111);
+    });
+
+    it('sign: "strict" always treats "-" as a minus sign', () => {
+      expect(extractNumber('xxx-111', { sign: 'strict' })).toBe(-111);
+    });
+
+    it('sign: "ignore" never treats "-" as a minus sign', () => {
+      expect(extractNumber('xxx -111', { sign: 'ignore' })).toBe(111);
+      expect(extractNumber('-111', { sign: 'ignore' })).toBe(111);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('exponent disambiguation (default: auto)', () => {
+    it('treats a free-standing "e" suffix as scientific notation', () => {
+      expect(extractNumber('1e5 mol')).toBe(100000);
+      expect(extractNumber('1.5e-10')).toBe(1.5e-10);
+    });
+
+    it('treats a glued "e" suffix as plain text, not an exponent', () => {
+      expect(extractNumber('1e5kg')).toBe(1);
+    });
+
+    it('exponent: "strict" always treats the suffix as scientific notation', () => {
+      expect(extractNumber('1e5kg', { exponent: 'strict' })).toBe(100000);
+    });
+
+    it('exponent: "ignore" never treats the suffix as scientific notation', () => {
+      expect(extractNumber('1e5 mol', { exponent: 'ignore' })).toBe(1);
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/helpers/number/extractNumber.ts b/helpers/number/extractNumber.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3861ba8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/number/extractNumber.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+/**
+ * This file is part of helpers4.
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 baxyz
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Options for {@link extractNumber}.
+ */
+export interface ExtractNumberOptions {
+  /**
+   * How to interpret a `-` immediately before the matched digits.
+   * - `'auto'`: treated as a minus sign unless it is glued to a preceding letter/digit
+   *   (e.g. `'-111'` and `'xxx -111'` → negative, but `'xxx-111'` → separator, positive).
+   * - `'strict'`: always treated as a minus sign.
+   * - `'ignore'`: never treated as a minus sign (always a separator).
+   * @default 'auto'
+   */
+  sign?: 'auto' | 'strict' | 'ignore';
+
+  /**
+   * How to interpret a trailing scientific-notation suffix (`e`/`E` + digits, e.g. `1.5e-10`).
+   * - `'auto'`: treated as an exponent unless it is glued to a following letter/digit
+   *   (e.g. `'1e5'` and `'1e5 mol'` → exponential, but `'1e5kg'` → mantissa only).
+   * - `'strict'`: always treated as an exponent.
+   * - `'ignore'`: never treated as an exponent (mantissa only).
+   * @default 'auto'
+   */
+  exponent?: 'auto' | 'strict' | 'ignore';
+}
+
+const NUMBER_TOKEN = /(-)?(\d+(?:\.\d+)?)([eE][+-]?\d+)?/g;
+
+function isWordChar(char: string | undefined): boolean {
+  return char !== undefined && /[\p{L}\p{N}_]/u.test(char);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Extracts the first number embedded anywhere in a string, or passes through a `number`.
+ *
+ * Unlike a plain `parseFloat`/`parseInt`, the number does not need to be at the start of
+ * the string: digits are searched for anywhere, so leading/trailing text (units, labels, ...)
+ * is ignored. A `-` before the digits and a scientific-notation suffix (`e`/`E`) are
+ * disambiguated with {@link ExtractNumberOptions.sign} and {@link ExtractNumberOptions.exponent}.
+ *
+ * Returns `undefined` if no number can be found.
+ *
+ * @param value - The value to extract a number from
+ * @param options - Options controlling sign and exponent disambiguation
+ * @returns The extracted number, or `undefined` if none was found
+ * @example
+ * extractNumber('16.5px')        // => 16.5
+ * extractNumber('Wafer 10')      // => 10
+ * extractNumber('xxx-111')       // => 111   ('-' glued to text → separator)
+ * extractNumber('xxx -111')      // => -111  ('-' preceded by a space → sign)
+ * extractNumber('-111')          // => -111  ('-' at the start of the string → sign)
+ * extractNumber('1e5 mol')       // => 100000
+ * extractNumber('1e5kg')         // => 1     ('e5' glued to text → mantissa only)
+ * extractNumber('no number')     // => undefined
+ * extractNumber(42)              // => 42
+ * @since next
+ */
+export function extractNumber(value: unknown, options: ExtractNumberOptions = {}): number | undefined {
+  const { sign = 'auto', exponent = 'auto' } = options;
+
+  if (typeof value === 'number') {
+    return Number.isNaN(value) ? undefined : value;
+  }
+
+  if (typeof value !== 'string') {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+
+  NUMBER_TOKEN.lastIndex = 0;
+  let match: RegExpExecArray | null;
+
+  while ((match = NUMBER_TOKEN.exec(value)) !== null) {
+    const [full, signChar, mantissa, exponentPart] = match;
+    const start = match.index;
+
+    if (signChar) {
+      const before = value[start - 1];
+      const keepSign = sign === 'strict' ? true : sign === 'ignore' ? false : !isWordChar(before);
+
+      if (!keepSign) {
+        // Re-scan from right after the '-' so the digits are matched as a fresh, unsigned number.
+        NUMBER_TOKEN.lastIndex = start + 1;
+        continue;
+      }
+    }
+
+    const keepExponent = exponentPart
+      ? exponent === 'strict'
+        ? true
+        : exponent === 'ignore'
+          ? false
+          : !isWordChar(value[start + full.length])
+      : false;
+
+    const numericText = (signChar ?? '') + mantissa + (keepExponent ? exponentPart : '');
+    return Number(numericText);
+  }
+
+  return undefined;
+}

From 1efc498e83fd29e1cb3442ffc8c61b43094042d9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: baxyz <baxyz@etik.com>
Date: Tue, 16 Jun 2026 20:49:42 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 33/34] =?UTF-8?q?feat(CI-CD):=20=E2=9C=A8=20add=20caching?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20and=20comment=20stripping=20for=20external=20dependencies=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?-=20implement=20caching=20for=20source=20file=20contents=20-=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?add=20function=20to=20strip=20comments=20from=20source=20text?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 scripts/build/build-website-metadata.ts       | 53 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../get-external-dependencies.helper.ts       | 12 ++++-
 2 files changed, 64 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/scripts/build/build-website-metadata.ts b/scripts/build/build-website-metadata.ts
index 5ac619ab..1e3b65cb 100644
--- a/scripts/build/build-website-metadata.ts
+++ b/scripts/build/build-website-metadata.ts
@@ -214,6 +214,59 @@ function processSignature(sig: SignatureReflection): WebsiteSignature {
   };
 }
 
+// Caches source file contents so a file with multiple exported type aliases
+// is only read from disk once.
+const sourceFileCache = new Map<string, string>();
+
+function readSourceCached(path: string): string {
+  let src = sourceFileCache.get(path);
+  if (src === undefined) {
+    src = readFileSync(path, 'utf-8');
+    sourceFileCache.set(path, src);
+  }
+  return src;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Finds the index of the `;` that terminates a type alias starting at `start`,
+ * skipping over brackets/semicolons that appear inside string/template literals
+ * or comments (e.g. a string-literal type like `'{' | '}' | ';'`).
+ */
+function findTopLevelSemicolon(src: string, start: number): number {
+  let depth = 0;
+  let quote: string | null = null;
+  let inLineComment = false;
+  let inBlockComment = false;
+
+  for (let i = start; i < src.length; i++) {
+    const ch = src[i];
+    const next = src[i + 1];
+
+    if (inLineComment) {
+      if (ch === '\n') inLineComment = false;
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (inBlockComment) {
+      if (ch === '*' && next === '/') { inBlockComment = false; i++; }
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (quote) {
+      if (ch === '\\') { i++; }
+      else if (ch === quote) { quote = null; }
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (ch === '/' && next === '/') { inLineComment = true; i++; continue; }
+    if (ch === '/' && next === '*') { inBlockComment = true; i++; continue; }
+    if (ch === "'" || ch === '"' || ch === '`') { quote = ch; continue; }
+
+    if (ch === '{' || ch === '(' || ch === '[') depth++;
+    else if (ch === '}' || ch === ')' || ch === ']') depth--;
+    else if (ch === ';' && depth === 0) return i;
+  }
+  return src.length;
+}
+
 function processMember(child: DeclarationReflection): WebsiteFunction | undefined {
   const kindMap: Record<number, WebsiteFunction['kind']> = {
     [ReflectionKind.Function]: 'function',
diff --git a/scripts/build/helpers/get-external-dependencies.helper.ts b/scripts/build/helpers/get-external-dependencies.helper.ts
index 7e5fba8a..ef9ae874 100644
--- a/scripts/build/helpers/get-external-dependencies.helper.ts
+++ b/scripts/build/helpers/get-external-dependencies.helper.ts
@@ -5,10 +5,20 @@
  */
 
 import { readdir } from "node:fs/promises";
+import { builtinModules } from "node:module";
 import { join } from "node:path";
 import { DIR } from "../../constants";
 import { readFileText } from "../../utils";
 
+/**
+ * Strips `/* ... *\/` and `// ...` comments from source text so that import-like
+ * text inside JSDoc `@example` blocks (e.g. `* import { x } from 'pkg';`) is not
+ * mistaken for a real import statement.
+ */
+function stripComments(content: string): string {
+  return content.replace(/\/\*[\s\S]*?\*\//g, "").replace(/\/\/.*$/gm, "");
+}
+
 /**
  * Analyzes the external packages used in a specific category by parsing import statements
  * @param categoryName - The name of the category (e.g., 'string', 'url', 'observable')
@@ -25,7 +35,7 @@ export async function getExternalDependencies(categoryName: string): Promise<str
 
   for (const file of tsFiles) {
     const filePath = join(categoryPath, file);
-    const content = readFileText(filePath);
+    const content = stripComments(readFileText(filePath));
 
     // Extract import statements
     const importRegex = /import\s+[^;]+from\s+['"]([^'"]+)['"]/g;

From 3ff8ec2dab260c73a9d4489d27f764f0038c1a45 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: baxyz <baxyz@etik.com>
Date: Tue, 16 Jun 2026 20:54:26 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 34/34] fix(security): override markdown-it to >=14.2.0

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 package.json   |  3 ++-
 pnpm-lock.yaml | 17 +++++++++--------
 2 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 95e15fdf..3032cfcd 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -107,7 +107,8 @@
       "qs": ">=6.15.2",
       "ws": ">=8.20.1",
       "esbuild": ">=0.28.1",
-      "@babel/core": ">=7.29.6"
+      "@babel/core": ">=7.29.6",
+      "markdown-it": ">=14.2.0"
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/pnpm-lock.yaml b/pnpm-lock.yaml
index cbfd17ce..8165684c 100644
--- a/pnpm-lock.yaml
+++ b/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ overrides:
   ws: '>=8.20.1'
   esbuild: '>=0.28.1'
   '@babel/core': '>=7.29.6'
+  markdown-it: '>=14.2.0'
 
 importers:
 
@@ -1544,8 +1545,8 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-NXYBzinNrblfraPGyrbPoD19C1h9lfI/1mzgWYvXUTe414Gz/X1FD2XBZSZM7rRTrMA8JL3OtAaGifrIKhQ5yQ==}
     engines: {node: '>= 12.0.0'}
 
-  linkify-it@5.0.0:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-5aHCbzQRADcdP+ATqnDuhhJ/MRIqDkZX5pyjFHRRysS8vZ5AbqGEoFIb6pYHPZ+L/OC2Lc+xT8uHVVR5CAK/wQ==}
+  linkify-it@5.0.1:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-wVoTjP4Q6R0NW5hiZkVJaFZPWgtXfoGF+6LucL3/FtiNjmcHhYjEr5f1Kqjirc1nBW07J/ZuRFumqr2oqccEWg==}
 
   lodash.groupby@4.6.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-5dcWxm23+VAoz+awKmBaiBvzox8+RqMgFhi7UvX9DHZr2HdxHXM/Wrf8cfKpsW37RNrvtPn6hSwNqurSILbmJw==}
@@ -1570,8 +1571,8 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-hXdUTZYIVOt1Ex//jAQi+wTZZpUpwBj/0QsOzqegb3rGMMeJiSEu5xLHnYfBrRV4RH2+OCSOO95Is/7x1WJ4bw==}
     engines: {node: '>=10'}
 
-  markdown-it@14.1.1:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-BuU2qnTti9YKgK5N+IeMubp14ZUKUUw7yeJbkjtosvHiP0AZ5c8IAgEMk79D0eC8F23r4Ac/q8cAIFdm2FtyoA==}
+  markdown-it@14.2.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-1TGiQiJVRQ3NPmZH6sx5Cfnmg6GQm9jvC1ch4TK511NjSJvjzKLzn5pPfZRNZkRPZP0HqCioSndqH8v2nRaWVQ==}
     hasBin: true
 
   math-intrinsics@1.1.0:
@@ -3298,7 +3299,7 @@ snapshots:
       lightningcss-win32-arm64-msvc: 1.32.0
       lightningcss-win32-x64-msvc: 1.32.0
 
-  linkify-it@5.0.0:
+  linkify-it@5.0.1:
     dependencies:
       uc.micro: 2.1.0
 
@@ -3326,11 +3327,11 @@ snapshots:
     dependencies:
       semver: 7.8.3
 
-  markdown-it@14.1.1:
+  markdown-it@14.2.0:
     dependencies:
       argparse: 2.0.1
       entities: 4.5.0
-      linkify-it: 5.0.0
+      linkify-it: 5.0.1
       mdurl: 2.0.0
       punycode.js: 2.3.1
       uc.micro: 2.1.0
@@ -3601,7 +3602,7 @@ snapshots:
     dependencies:
       '@gerrit0/mini-shiki': 3.23.0
       lunr: 2.3.9
-      markdown-it: 14.1.1
+      markdown-it: 14.2.0
       minimatch: 10.2.5
       typescript: 6.0.3
       yaml: 2.8.3