diff --git a/api/include/opentelemetry/common/string_util.h b/api/include/opentelemetry/common/string_util.h
index 5108f186e7..4aa7cd4f56 100644
--- a/api/include/opentelemetry/common/string_util.h
+++ b/api/include/opentelemetry/common/string_util.h
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 #include <ctype.h>
 
+#include "opentelemetry/common/macros.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/version.h"
 
@@ -25,7 +26,18 @@ class StringUtil
     {
       right--;
     }
-    return str.substr(left, 1 + right - left);
+#if OPENTELEMETRY_HAVE_EXCEPTIONS
+    try
+#endif
+    {
+      return str.substr(left, 1 + right - left);
+    }
+#if OPENTELEMETRY_HAVE_EXCEPTIONS
+    catch (...)
+    {
+      return nostd::string_view();
+    }
+#endif
   }
 
   static nostd::string_view Trim(nostd::string_view str) noexcept
diff --git a/api/include/opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h b/api/include/opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h
index a0c8081473..13c8cfe560 100644
--- a/api/include/opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h
+++ b/api/include/opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ class string_view
   {
     if (pos > length_)
     {
-#  if __EXCEPTIONS
+#  if OPENTELEMETRY_HAVE_EXCEPTIONS
       throw std::out_of_range{"opentelemetry::nostd::string_view"};
 #  else
       std::terminate();
diff --git a/api/include/opentelemetry/nostd/variant.h b/api/include/opentelemetry/nostd/variant.h
index 3294554c58..b55ce35ce1 100644
--- a/api/include/opentelemetry/nostd/variant.h
+++ b/api/include/opentelemetry/nostd/variant.h
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 // Header-only. Without compiling the actual Abseil binary. As Abseil moves on to new
 // toolchains, it may drop support for Visual Studio 2015 in future versions.
 
-#  if defined(__EXCEPTIONS)
+#  if OPENTELEMETRY_HAVE_EXCEPTIONS
 #    include <exception>
 OPENTELEMETRY_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 namespace nostd
diff --git a/api/include/opentelemetry/plugin/detail/utility.h b/api/include/opentelemetry/plugin/detail/utility.h
index 8e78fb4270..0bfdf4f858 100644
--- a/api/include/opentelemetry/plugin/detail/utility.h
+++ b/api/include/opentelemetry/plugin/detail/utility.h
@@ -3,36 +3,34 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#if __EXCEPTIONS
-#  include <new>
-#endif  // __EXCEPTIONS
+#include "opentelemetry/version.h"
 
 #include <string>
 
-#include "opentelemetry/version.h"
-
 OPENTELEMETRY_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 namespace plugin
 {
 namespace detail
 {
 inline void CopyErrorMessage(const char *source, std::string &destination) noexcept
-#if __EXCEPTIONS
-try
-#endif
 {
-  if (source == nullptr)
+#if OPENTELEMETRY_HAVE_EXCEPTIONS
+  try
+#endif
+  {
+    if (source == nullptr)
+    {
+      return;
+    }
+    destination.assign(source);
+  }
+#if OPENTELEMETRY_HAVE_EXCEPTIONS
+  catch (...)
   {
     return;
   }
-  destination.assign(source);
-}
-#if __EXCEPTIONS
-catch (const std::bad_alloc &)
-{
-  return;
-}
 #endif
+}
 }  // namespace detail
 }  // namespace plugin
 OPENTELEMETRY_END_NAMESPACE
diff --git a/api/include/opentelemetry/std/variant.h b/api/include/opentelemetry/std/variant.h
index 58bc510c5f..e1c660eb6d 100644
--- a/api/include/opentelemetry/std/variant.h
+++ b/api/include/opentelemetry/std/variant.h
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ using monostate = std::monostate;
 // Apple Platforms provide std::bad_variant_access only in newer versions of OS.
 // To keep API compatible with any version of OS - we are providing our own
 // implementation of nostd::bad_variant_access exception.
-#  if __EXCEPTIONS
+#  if OPENTELEMETRY_HAVE_EXCEPTIONS
 
 // nostd::bad_variant_access
 class bad_variant_access : public std::exception
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class bad_variant_access : public std::exception
 }
 #  endif
 
-#  if __EXCEPTIONS
+#  if OPENTELEMETRY_HAVE_EXCEPTIONS
 #    define THROW_BAD_VARIANT_ACCESS throw_bad_variant_access()
 #  else
 #    define THROW_BAD_VARIANT_ACCESS std::terminate()
diff --git a/api/include/opentelemetry/trace/trace_state.h b/api/include/opentelemetry/trace/trace_state.h
index 7ed83284cb..dde8dd2f69 100644
--- a/api/include/opentelemetry/trace/trace_state.h
+++ b/api/include/opentelemetry/trace/trace_state.h
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ class OPENTELEMETRY_EXPORT TraceState
    * For multi-tenant vendor scenarios, an at sign (@) can be used to prefix the vendor name.
    *
    */
-  static bool IsValidKey(nostd::string_view key)
+  static bool IsValidKey(nostd::string_view key) noexcept
   {
 #if OPENTELEMETRY_HAVE_WORKING_REGEX
     return IsValidKeyRegEx(key);
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ class OPENTELEMETRY_EXPORT TraceState
    * The value is an opaque string containing up to 256 printable ASCII (RFC0020)
    *  characters ((i.e., the range 0x20 to 0x7E) except comma , and equal =)
    */
-  static bool IsValidValue(nostd::string_view value)
+  static bool IsValidValue(nostd::string_view value) noexcept
   {
 #if OPENTELEMETRY_HAVE_WORKING_REGEX
     return IsValidValueRegEx(value);
@@ -249,29 +249,51 @@ class OPENTELEMETRY_EXPORT TraceState
   }
 
 #if OPENTELEMETRY_HAVE_WORKING_REGEX
-  static bool IsValidKeyRegEx(nostd::string_view key)
+  static bool IsValidKeyRegEx(nostd::string_view key) noexcept
   {
-    static std::regex reg_key("^[a-z0-9][a-z0-9*_\\-/]{0,255}$");
-    static std::regex reg_key_multitenant(
-        "^[a-z0-9][a-z0-9*_\\-/]{0,240}(@)[a-z0-9][a-z0-9*_\\-/]{0,13}$");
-    std::string key_s(key.data(), key.size());
-    if (std::regex_match(key_s, reg_key) || std::regex_match(key_s, reg_key_multitenant))
+#  if OPENTELEMETRY_HAVE_EXCEPTIONS
+    try
     {
-      return true;
+#  endif
+      static std::regex reg_key("^[a-z0-9][a-z0-9*_\\-/]{0,255}$");
+      static std::regex reg_key_multitenant(
+          "^[a-z0-9][a-z0-9*_\\-/]{0,240}(@)[a-z0-9][a-z0-9*_\\-/]{0,13}$");
+      std::string key_s(key.data(), key.size());
+      if (std::regex_match(key_s, reg_key) || std::regex_match(key_s, reg_key_multitenant))
+      {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return false;
+#  if OPENTELEMETRY_HAVE_EXCEPTIONS
+    }
+    catch (...)
+    {
+      return false;
     }
-    return false;
+#  endif
   }
 
-  static bool IsValidValueRegEx(nostd::string_view value)
+  static bool IsValidValueRegEx(nostd::string_view value) noexcept
   {
-    // Hex 0x20 to 0x2B, 0x2D to 0x3C, 0x3E to 0x7E
-    static std::regex reg_value(
-        "^[\\x20-\\x2B\\x2D-\\x3C\\x3E-\\x7E]{0,255}[\\x21-\\x2B\\x2D-\\x3C\\x3E-\\x7E]$");
-    // Need to benchmark without regex, as a string object is created here.
-    return std::regex_match(std::string(value.data(), value.size()), reg_value);
+#  if OPENTELEMETRY_HAVE_EXCEPTIONS
+    try
+    {
+#  endif
+      // Hex 0x20 to 0x2B, 0x2D to 0x3C, 0x3E to 0x7E
+      static std::regex reg_value(
+          "^[\\x20-\\x2B\\x2D-\\x3C\\x3E-\\x7E]{0,255}[\\x21-\\x2B\\x2D-\\x3C\\x3E-\\x7E]$");
+      // Need to benchmark without regex, as a string object is created here.
+      return std::regex_match(std::string(value.data(), value.size()), reg_value);
+#  if OPENTELEMETRY_HAVE_EXCEPTIONS
+    }
+    catch (...)
+    {
+      return false;
+    }
+#  endif
   }
 #else
-  static bool IsValidKeyNonRegEx(nostd::string_view key)
+  static bool IsValidKeyNonRegEx(nostd::string_view key) noexcept
   {
     if (key.empty() || key.size() > kKeyMaxSize || !IsLowerCaseAlphaOrDigit(key[0]))
     {
@@ -294,7 +316,7 @@ class OPENTELEMETRY_EXPORT TraceState
     return true;
   }
 
-  static bool IsValidValueNonRegEx(nostd::string_view value)
+  static bool IsValidValueNonRegEx(nostd::string_view value) noexcept
   {
     if (value.empty() || value.size() > kValueMaxSize)
     {
@@ -312,7 +334,7 @@ class OPENTELEMETRY_EXPORT TraceState
   }
 #endif
 
-  static bool IsLowerCaseAlphaOrDigit(char c) { return isdigit(c) || islower(c); }
+  static bool IsLowerCaseAlphaOrDigit(char c) noexcept { return isdigit(c) || islower(c); }
 
 private:
   // Store entries in a C-style array to avoid using std::array or std::vector.
diff --git a/api/test/common/string_util_test.cc b/api/test/common/string_util_test.cc
index 4da8563175..03f49d5538 100644
--- a/api/test/common/string_util_test.cc
+++ b/api/test/common/string_util_test.cc
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
+#include <opentelemetry/common/macros.h>
 #include <opentelemetry/common/string_util.h>
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h"
 
@@ -50,3 +51,12 @@ TEST(StringUtilTest, TrimString)
     EXPECT_EQ(StringUtil::Trim(testcase.input), testcase.expected);
   }
 }
+
+TEST(StringUtilTest, TrimStringOutOfRange)
+{
+#if OPENTELEMETRY_HAVE_EXCEPTIONS
+  EXPECT_EQ(StringUtil::Trim("x", 2, 1), "");
+#else
+  EXPECT_DEATH(StringUtil::Trim("x", 2, 1), "");
+#endif
+}
diff --git a/api/test/nostd/string_view_test.cc b/api/test/nostd/string_view_test.cc
index f32da62b42..14bc69b4af 100644
--- a/api/test/nostd/string_view_test.cc
+++ b/api/test/nostd/string_view_test.cc
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <utility>
 
+#include "opentelemetry/common/macros.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h"
 
 using opentelemetry::nostd::string_view;
@@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ TEST(StringViewTest, SubstrPortion)
 TEST(StringViewTest, SubstrOutOfRange)
 {
   string_view s = "abc123";
-#if __EXCEPTIONS || (defined(OPENTELEMETRY_STL_VERSION) && (OPENTELEMETRY_STL_VERSION >= 2017))
+#if OPENTELEMETRY_HAVE_EXCEPTIONS
   EXPECT_THROW((void)s.substr(10), std::out_of_range);
 #else
   EXPECT_DEATH({ s.substr(10); }, "");
diff --git a/api/test/nostd/variant_test.cc b/api/test/nostd/variant_test.cc
index 193bd4874a..5ebadd6eac 100644
--- a/api/test/nostd/variant_test.cc
+++ b/api/test/nostd/variant_test.cc
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ TEST(VariantTest, Get)
   EXPECT_EQ(nostd::get<int>(w), 12);
   EXPECT_EQ(*nostd::get_if<int>(&v), 12);
   EXPECT_EQ(nostd::get_if<float>(&v), nullptr);
-#if __EXCEPTIONS || (defined(OPENTELEMETRY_STL_VERSION) && (OPENTELEMETRY_STL_VERSION >= 2017))
+#if OPENTELEMETRY_HAVE_EXCEPTIONS
   EXPECT_THROW(nostd::get<float>(w), nostd::bad_variant_access);
 #else
   EXPECT_DEATH({ nostd::get<float>(w); }, "");
diff --git a/api/test/trace/trace_state_test.cc b/api/test/trace/trace_state_test.cc
index 6613d9270c..d8b5aaa7e3 100644
--- a/api/test/trace/trace_state_test.cc
+++ b/api/test/trace/trace_state_test.cc
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ TEST(TraceStateTest, ValidateHeaderParsing)
   } testcases[] = {{"k1=v1", "k1=v1"},
                    {"K1=V1", ""},
                    {"k1=v1,k2=v2,k3=v3", "k1=v1,k2=v2,k3=v3"},
+                   {"k1=v1,InvalidKey=v2", ""},
                    {"k1=v1,k2=v2,,", "k1=v1,k2=v2"},
                    {"k1=v1,k2=v2,invalidmember", ""},
                    {"1a-2f@foo=bar1,a*/foo-_/bar=bar4", "1a-2f@foo=bar1,a*/foo-_/bar=bar4"},
@@ -73,6 +74,15 @@ TEST(TraceStateTest, ValidateHeaderParsing)
   }
 }
 
+TEST(TraceStateTest, ExceedsMaxKeyValuePairs)
+{
+  std::string header = header_with_max_members();
+  header += ",overflow=value";
+
+  auto ts = TraceState::FromHeader(header);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ts->ToHeader(), "");
+}
+
 TEST(TraceStateTest, TraceStateGet)
 {