diff --git a/content/managing-apps.md b/content/managing-apps.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..88f63a75e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/managing-apps.md @@ -0,0 +1,302 @@ +--- +title: Installing, Updating, and Removing Applications +description: > + Quick guide to installing, updating, and removing apps on your device. +keywords: + - Apps + - Install + - Update + - Remove + - Delete + +facebookImage: /_social/article +twitterImage: /_social/article + +hidden: false +section: pop +tableOfContents: true +--- + +## Types of Packages in Pop!_OS + +There are multiple package formats that can be used for installing applications on Pop!_OS. + +- **Flatpaks** are a modern type of package that utilize containerization and sandboxing for increased stability and security. Installing a Flatpak also installs all of its dependencies and libraries, and different Flatpak applications can use different versions of their dependencies at the same time if necessary. + - [Flathub](https://flathub.org/) is the default source for most Flatpak applications in Pop!_OS. + - Flatpak applications are generally more up-to-date than system (.deb) packages. + - In Pop!_OS, Flatpak applications will only be available to the user who installed them by default. + +- **.deb files** (short for Debian files), sometimes called "system packages," are an older packaging format that forms the base of the operating system. They're installed by the `dpkg` or `apt` utilities (with `apt` also handling dependency resolution). Only one version of a dependency can usually be installed at a time with .deb files. + - [The Ubuntu repositories](https://packages.ubuntu.com/) are the primary source of non-default .deb packages available to install in Pop!_OS and Ubuntu. (System packages installed by default are sometimes sourced from the first-party Pop!_OS repositories instead.) + - System (.deb) packages sometimes offer older versions of applications than Flatpaks, since applications installed from the Ubuntu repositories only receive feature updates during major version upgrades of Pop!_OS. + - Installed system (.deb) packages are available to all user accounts on the computer. For this reason, only administrators can install or update .deb packages. + +## Using the COSMIC Store + +### Installing an Application + +COSMIC includes a graphical user interface (GUI) called the COSMIC Store for easy installation and management of applications. + +1. Open the COSMIC Store by clicking the icon in the dock, or by pressing `Super` to open the launcher and then searching for “COSMIC Store”. + +![COSMIC Store icon in the Dock](/images/managing-apps/cosmic-store-icon.png) + +2. Explore apps or type the application name in the search field. + +![Search bar in the COSMIC Store](/images/managing-apps/cosmic-store-search.png) + +3. Select the system (.deb) or Flathub (Flatpak) version. + +![Selecting the app type in the COSMIC Store](/images/managing-apps/cosmic-store-select-type.png) + +### Installing an Application Not Listed in the COSMIC Store + +The COSMIC Store lists applications available in the configurated software repositories. By default, these are [Flathub](https://flathub.org), [the Ubuntu repositories](https://packages.ubuntu.com), and the first-party Pop!\_OS repositories. If an application isn't available from one of these repositories, you can use the web to search for and install it from another source instead. + +1. Search for the application download link and instructions online. + +![Pop!_OS 24.04 browser search](/images/managing-apps/browser-search-2404.png) + +2. Download the application. When given multiple options of file type, look for a 64-bit .deb or Debian/Ubuntu option. + +![Selecting the .deb type on the download webpage](/images/managing-apps/browser-select-type.png) + +3. After downloading, go to the Downloads folder and double-click the .deb file. + +![Downloaded .deb file in Pop!_OS 24.04](/images/managing-apps/downloaded-deb-file-2404.png) + +4. The COSMIC Store will open and present you with the option to install the file. + - When installing this way, the application may install a new repository so COSMIC Store can check for updates in the future, or you may need to download updates manually the same way you downloaded the initial installer. + +![Installing a .deb file with the COSMIC Store](/images/managing-apps/cosmic-store-file-install.png) + +### Managing Repositories + +You can add, remove, and edit software repositories using Repoman. This includes .deb software repositories (sometimes called PPAs, or Personal Package Archives), and Flatpak software repositories. + +**Caution:** Third-party repositories allow users to install software that has not been validated by System76 or other trusted Pop!_OS maintainers. Security vulerabilities or other bugs could be present in third-party software. Users should take caution and only add software repositories they trust. + +1. Press `Super` to open the launcher, then search for “Repoman". + +![Searching for Repoman in the COSMIC Launcher](/images/managing-apps/repoman-launcher.png) + +2. Click on the Extra Sources tab to manage .deb repositories (PPAs), or the Flatpak tab to manage Flatpak repositories. + +![Repoman's Extra Sources page in Pop!_OS 24.04](/images/managing-apps/repoman-extra-sources-2404.png) + +#### Adding a Repository + +1. Click the `+` button in the bottom-left corner. + +![Add button in Repoman (24.04)](/images/managing-apps/repoman-add-button-2404.png) + +2. Enter the source details for the repository and click Add. + +![Adding a source in Repoman (24.04)](/images/managing-apps/repoman-adding-2404.png) + +3. The repository will appear in the sources list. + +![Added source in Repoman (24.04)](/images/managing-apps/repoman-added-2404.png) + +#### Removing a Repository + +Select a repository from the list, then click on the trashcan icon to delete the repository. + +![Remove button in Repoman (24.04)](/images/managing-apps/repoman-remove-button-2404.png) + +### Updating Installed Applications + +The COSMIC Store can update any applications installed from the software repositories configured on the system. + +1. Open the COSMIC Store. +2. Click `Updates` on the sidebar. +3. Select `Update all` in the top-right corner. + +![Updates page & button in the COSMIC Store](/images/managing-apps/cosmic-store-updates.png) + +## Using the Terminal + +### Searching for Applications + +You can discover the package names for new applications using the respective websites for [Flathub](https://flathub.org/) and [the Ubuntu repositories](https://packages.ubuntu.com/), or you can search for applications with a command line interface. Launch the Terminal (`SUPER` + `T`), then use the commands below. + +#### Flatpaks + +Search with the following command: + +``` +flatpak search [search term] +``` + +The package name for each search result is displayed in the `Application ID` column. + +![Flatpak search results](/images/managing-apps/search-flatpak.jpg) + +#### .deb (System) Packages + +Search with the following command: + +``` +apt search [search term] +``` + +The package name for each search result is displayed in green, before the `/` character. + +![apt search results](/images/managing-apps/search-apt.jpg) + +### Installing and Removing Applications + +Launch the Terminal (`SUPER` + `T`) to install applications using a command line interface. The command to use depends on which package manager you're using for an app. + +#### Flatpaks + +To install an application as a Flatpak: + +``` +flatpak install --app [packagename] +``` + +Flatpak will ask which app to install if multiple apps match the package name you provided. If you omit the `--app` flag, you'll also see libraries that match the package name. + +To uninstall an application as a Flatpak: + +``` +flatpak uninstall [packagename] +``` + +#### .deb Packages + +To install an application with apt: + +```bash +sudo apt install [packagename] +``` + +To uninstall an application with apt: + +```bash +sudo apt autoremove --purge [packagename] +``` + +The `autoremove` command removes dependencies that are no longer needed in addition to the app itself. The `--purge` flag removes system-wide configuration (such as from the `/etc/` directory) when uninstalling the package. User-specific configuration (in the `/home/` directory) is usually retained when removing packages with apt. + +### Updating via the Terminal + +#### Updating System-wide Software (.deb) + +1. Open a terminal by pressing `Super` + `T` and type the following commands: + +```bash +sudo apt update +sudo apt full-upgrade +sudo apt autoremove --purge +``` + +2. After each command, if prompted, answer `Y` and enter your password. + +![Bad screenshot that needs to be replaced](/images/managing-apps/terminal-dist-upgrade-bad.png) + +3. If an error appears, read the error message and run any commands it suggests. + +![Bad screenshot taht needs to be replaced](/images/managing-apps/terminal-error-bad.png) + +#### Updating Flatpaks + +1. Open a terminal by pressing `Super` + `T` and type the following commands: + +```bash +flatpak update +flatpak uninstall --unused +``` + +## Using the Pop!_Shop (for Pop!_OS 22.04 and below) + +### Installing an Application + +Pop!_OS 22.04 and below include the Pop!_Shop, which looks different from the COSMIC Store but performs most of the same functions. + +1. Open the Pop! Shop by clicking the rocket ship icon in the dock, or press SUPER and search for “pop shop”. + +![Pop!_Shop icon in the dock](/images/managing-apps/pop-shop-icon.png) + +2. Explore apps in categories, or type the application name in the search field. + +![Pop!_Shop search bar](/images/managing-apps/pop-shop-search.png) + +3. Select the Pop!_OS/Ubuntu (.deb) or flathub (Flatpak) version. + +![Selecting the app type in the Pop!_Shop](/images/managing-apps/pop-shop-select-type.png) + +4. Click **Install**. + +### Installing an Application Not Listed in the Pop!_Shop + +The Pop!_Shop lists applications available in the configurated software repositories. By default, these are [Flathub](https://flathub.org), [the Ubuntu repositories](https://packages.ubuntu.com), and the first-party Pop!\_OS repositories. If an application isn't available from one of these repositories, you can use the web to search for and install it from another source instead. + +1. Search for the application download link and instructions online. + +![Pop!_OS 22.04 browser search](/images/managing-apps/browser-search-2204.png) + +2. Download the application. When given multiple options of file type, look for a 64-bit .deb or Debian/Ubuntu option. + +![Selecting the .deb type on the download webpage](/images/managing-apps/browser-select-type.png) + +3. After downloading, go to the Downloads folder and double-click the .deb file. + +![Downloaded .deb file in Pop!_OS 22.04](/images/managing-apps/downloaded-deb-file-2204.png) + +4. Open the file in Eddy, the default hanlder for .deb files in older versions of Pop!_OS. + +![Opening a .deb file with Eddy in Pop!_OS 22.04](/images/managing-apps/eddy-open-with.png) + +5. Click Install, then enter your password if prompted. + +![Installing a package with Eddy in Pop!_OS 22.04](/images/managing-apps/eddy-install.png) + +### Managing Repositories + +You can add, remove, and edit software repositories using Repoman. This includes .deb software repositories (sometimes called PPAs, or Personal Package Archives), and Flatpak software repositories. + +**Caution:** Third-party repositories allow users to install software that has not been validated by System76 or other trusted Pop!_OS maintainers. Security vulerabilities or other bugs could be present in third-party software. Users should take caution and only add software repositories they trust. + +1. Access Repoman by launching the Pop!_Shop, then clicking the `System Software Sources` option in the top-right menu or pressing the `Ctrl` + `S` keyboard shortcut in the Pop!_Shop. + +![Pop!_Shop System Software Sources menu item](/images/managing-apps/pop-shop-sources.png) + +2. Click on the Extra Sources tab to manage .deb repositories (PPAs), or the Flatpak tab to manage Flatpak repositories. + +![Repoman's Extra Sources page in Pop!_OS 22.04](/images/managing-apps/repoman-extra-sources-2204.png) + +#### Adding a Repository + +1. Click the `+` button in the bottom-left corner. + +![Add button in Repoman (22.04)](/images/managing-apps/repoman-add-button-2204.png) + +2. Enter the source details for the repository and click Add. + +![Adding a source in Repoman (22.04)](/images/managing-apps/repoman-adding-2204.png) + +3. The repository will appear in the sources list. + +![Added source in Repoman (22.04)](/images/managing-apps/repoman-added-2204.png) + +#### Removing a Repository + +Select a repository from the list, then click on the trashcan icon to delete the repository. + +![Remove button in Repoman (22.04)](/images/managing-apps/repoman-remove-button-2204.png) + +### Updating Installed Applications + +The Pop!_Shop can update any applications installed from the software repositories configured on the system. + +1. Open the Pop!_Shop. + +2. Click `Updates & Installed Software` in the top-right menu, or press the `Ctrl` + `I` keyboard shortcut in the Pop!_Shop. + +![Pop!_Shop Updates & Installed Software menu button](/images/managing-apps/pop-shop-updates-menu.png) + +3. 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