diff --git a/modules/mongodb/src/main/java/org/testcontainers/mongodb/MongoDBContainer.java b/modules/mongodb/src/main/java/org/testcontainers/mongodb/MongoDBContainer.java
index c61be6675ba..a6b482e0769 100644
--- a/modules/mongodb/src/main/java/org/testcontainers/mongodb/MongoDBContainer.java
+++ b/modules/mongodb/src/main/java/org/testcontainers/mongodb/MongoDBContainer.java
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@
 import org.testcontainers.utility.MountableFile;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
 
 /**
  * Testcontainers implementation for MongoDB.
@@ -45,6 +47,8 @@ public class MongoDBContainer extends GenericContainer<MongoDBContainer> {
 
     private boolean rsEnabled;
 
+    private final List<MountableFile> initScripts = new ArrayList<>();
+
     public MongoDBContainer(@NonNull String dockerImageName) {
         this(DockerImageName.parse(dockerImageName));
     }
@@ -61,6 +65,12 @@ protected void containerIsStarting(InspectContainerResponse containerInfo) {
         if (this.shardingEnabled) {
             copyFileToContainer(MountableFile.forClasspathResource("/sharding.sh", 0777), STARTER_SCRIPT);
         }
+        for (int i = 0; i < initScripts.size(); i++) {
+            copyFileToContainer(initScripts.get(i), "/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/init-" + i + ".js");
+        }
+        if (this.rsEnabled && !initScripts.isEmpty()) {
+            waitingFor(Wait.forLogMessage("(?i).*waiting for connections.*", 2));
+        }
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -161,6 +171,18 @@ public MongoDBContainer withReplicaSet() {
         return this;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Adds a JavaScript init script to be executed by MongoDB on first startup.
+     * Scripts are copied to {@code /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/} and run in the order they were added.
+     *
+     * @param initScript the script to copy into the container
+     * @return this
+     */
+    public MongoDBContainer withInitScript(MountableFile initScript) {
+        this.initScripts.add(initScript);
+        return this;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Enables sharding on the cluster
      *
diff --git a/modules/mongodb/src/test/java/org/testcontainers/mongodb/MongoDBContainerTest.java b/modules/mongodb/src/test/java/org/testcontainers/mongodb/MongoDBContainerTest.java
index 816243d769e..94c4350d0ca 100644
--- a/modules/mongodb/src/test/java/org/testcontainers/mongodb/MongoDBContainerTest.java
+++ b/modules/mongodb/src/test/java/org/testcontainers/mongodb/MongoDBContainerTest.java
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 package org.testcontainers.mongodb;
 
+import com.mongodb.client.MongoClient;
+import com.mongodb.client.MongoClients;
+import org.bson.Document;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.testcontainers.utility.MountableFile;
 
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
 
@@ -38,4 +42,37 @@ void shouldTestDatabaseName() {
             assertThat(mongoDBContainer.getReplicaSetUrl(databaseName)).endsWith(databaseName);
         }
     }
+
+    @Test
+    void shouldRunInitScriptWithReplicaSet() {
+        try (
+            MongoDBContainer mongoDBContainer = new MongoDBContainer("mongo:4.0.10")
+                .withReplicaSet()
+                .withInitScript(MountableFile.forClasspathResource("init-db.js"))
+        ) {
+            mongoDBContainer.start();
+
+            try (MongoClient client = MongoClients.create(mongoDBContainer.getReplicaSetUrl("testdb"))) {
+                Document doc = client.getDatabase("testdb").getCollection("items").find().first();
+                assertThat(doc).isNotNull();
+                assertThat(doc.getString("name")).isEqualTo("testcontainers");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void shouldRunInitScriptWithoutReplicaSet() {
+        try (
+            MongoDBContainer mongoDBContainer = new MongoDBContainer("mongo:4.0.10")
+                .withInitScript(MountableFile.forClasspathResource("init-db.js"))
+        ) {
+            mongoDBContainer.start();
+
+            try (MongoClient client = MongoClients.create(mongoDBContainer.getConnectionString())) {
+                Document doc = client.getDatabase("testdb").getCollection("items").find().first();
+                assertThat(doc).isNotNull();
+                assertThat(doc.getString("name")).isEqualTo("testcontainers");
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/modules/mongodb/src/test/resources/init-db.js b/modules/mongodb/src/test/resources/init-db.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ec3efeb6b50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/mongodb/src/test/resources/init-db.js
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+db = db.getSiblingDB('testdb');
+db.items.insertOne({ name: 'testcontainers' });