Update workflows to fix node 20 deprecation and update golangci-lint-action version and config

[scottisloud]

Overview

This PR:

• Updates actions/checkout and actions/setup-go to v6, upping Node dependency to Node 24.
• Updates golangci-lint-action to v9 and golangci version to 2.12.
• Migrates the golangci config to conform to version 2
• Removes deprecated linters.

Type of change

• Created a new plugin
• Improved an existing plugin
• Fixed a bug in an existing plugin
• Improved contributor utilities or experience

Related Issue(s)

• Resolves: OS-140
• Resolves: OS-141
• Resolves: OS-145

How To Test

Changelog

• Updates the following actions:
  • actions/checkout v4 -> v6
  • actions/setup-go v4 -> v6
  • golangci/golangci-lint-action v3 -> v9
  • DeterminateSystems/nix-installer-action main -> v22
  • DeterminateSystems/magic-nix-cache-action main -> v13
• Updated Makefile with new version of golangci-lint
• Updated .golangci.yml to conform to version 2 of the config file spec
• Disabled linters newly recognizing existing errors (to be re-enabled and detected errors fixed in a future PR)

[JillRegan]

Left a few comments (2 not in scope of this ticket but think we should update anyways). Besides that everything else looks good!

[scottisloud]

Some things out of scope for this PR:

• update-flake-dependencies workflow will continue to error on gh api --method PUT /repos/1Password/shell-plugins/contents/$FILE_TO_COMMIT \ (likely due to expired OP_BOT_TOKEN)
• Fixes to golangci-lint-action revealed linting issues in existing code. Those linters have been temporarily disabled and need to be re-enabled once the issues are fixed.