Log client addresses in scheduler lifecycle messages

[peter941221]

Summary

• include the client's remote address in the scheduler log messages for client connect, remove, and close events
• store the peer address on ClientState so the same address is available throughout the client lifecycle
• add a scheduler test covering the new log output

Closes #8000

Testing

• python -m py_compile distributed/scheduler.py distributed/tests/test_scheduler.py
• not run: python -m pytest distributed/tests/test_scheduler.py -k client_connection_logs_include_address (local environment is missing dask, so pytest fails during config import)

[github-actions]

Unit Test Results

See test report for an extended history of previous test failures. This is useful for diagnosing flaky tests.

    40 files  +     9      40 suites  +9   14h 10m 21s ⏱️ + 3h 22m 3s
 4 154 tests +    80   3 972 ✅ +     2    178 💤 +   74  4 ❌ +4 
80 839 runs  +21 708  76 598 ✅ +19 900  4 236 💤 +1 803  5 ❌ +5 

For more details on these failures, see this check.

Results for commit 7e97188. ± Comparison against base commit d8fabe2.

This pull request removes 22 and adds 102 tests. Note that renamed tests count towards both.

distributed.diagnostics.tests.test_nvml ‑ test_2_visible_devices[0,1]
distributed.diagnostics.tests.test_nvml ‑ test_2_visible_devices[1,0]
distributed.diagnostics.tests.test_nvml ‑ test_enable_disable_nvml
distributed.diagnostics.tests.test_nvml ‑ test_gpu_metrics
distributed.diagnostics.tests.test_nvml ‑ test_gpu_monitoring_range_query
distributed.diagnostics.tests.test_nvml ‑ test_gpu_monitoring_recent
distributed.diagnostics.tests.test_nvml ‑ test_has_cuda_context
distributed.diagnostics.tests.test_nvml ‑ test_one_time
distributed.diagnostics.tests.test_nvml ‑ test_one_visible_devices
distributed.diagnostics.tests.test_nvml ‑ test_visible_devices_bad_uuid
…

distributed.cli.tests.test_dask_scheduler ‑ test_uvloop
distributed.cli.tests.test_dask_spec ‑ test_uvloop
distributed.cli.tests.test_dask_worker ‑ test_stray_positional_hints_at_help_and_preload
distributed.cli.tests.test_dask_worker ‑ test_unknown_option_reports_no_such_option
distributed.cli.tests.test_dask_worker ‑ test_uvloop[--nanny]
distributed.cli.tests.test_dask_worker ‑ test_uvloop[--no-nanny]
distributed.deploy.tests.test_old_ssh ‑ test_cluster
distributed.deploy.tests.test_ssh ‑ test_defer_to_old
distributed.deploy.tests.test_ssh ‑ test_old_ssh_with_local_dir
distributed.diagnostics.tests.test_task_stream ‑ test_collect_start_index
…

This pull request removes 13 skipped tests and adds 88 skipped tests. Note that renamed tests count towards both.

distributed.diagnostics.tests.test_nvml ‑ test_2_visible_devices[0,1]
distributed.diagnostics.tests.test_nvml ‑ test_2_visible_devices[1,0]
distributed.diagnostics.tests.test_nvml ‑ test_gpu_metrics
distributed.diagnostics.tests.test_nvml ‑ test_gpu_monitoring_range_query
distributed.diagnostics.tests.test_nvml ‑ test_gpu_monitoring_recent
distributed.diagnostics.tests.test_nvml ‑ test_has_cuda_context
distributed.diagnostics.tests.test_nvml ‑ test_one_time
distributed.diagnostics.tests.test_nvml ‑ test_one_visible_devices
distributed.diagnostics.tests.test_nvml ‑ test_visible_devices_bad_uuid
distributed.diagnostics.tests.test_nvml ‑ test_visible_devices_uuid
…

distributed.deploy.tests.test_old_ssh ‑ test_cluster
distributed.deploy.tests.test_ssh ‑ test_old_ssh_with_local_dir
distributed.protocol.tests.test_numba ‑ test_serialize_numba[serializers0-C-f4-shape0]
distributed.protocol.tests.test_numba ‑ test_serialize_numba[serializers0-C-f4-shape1]
distributed.protocol.tests.test_numba ‑ test_serialize_numba[serializers0-C-f4-shape2]
distributed.protocol.tests.test_numba ‑ test_serialize_numba[serializers0-C-f4-shape3]
distributed.protocol.tests.test_numba ‑ test_serialize_numba[serializers0-C-f4-shape4]
distributed.protocol.tests.test_numba ‑ test_serialize_numba[serializers0-C-u1-shape0]
distributed.protocol.tests.test_numba ‑ test_serialize_numba[serializers0-C-u1-shape1]
distributed.protocol.tests.test_numba ‑ test_serialize_numba[serializers0-C-u1-shape2]
…

♻️ This comment has been updated with latest results.

[peter941221]

Current red jobs look unrelated to this patch.

This PR only changes distributed/scheduler.py and distributed/tests/test_scheduler.py, and the scheduler-specific py314 jobs are green. The red ubuntu-latest mindeps-array test-ci not ci1 job fails in distributed/tests/test_config.py::test_logging_default[None].