feat(sqlalchemy-bigquery): Drop support for Python 3.7, 3.8, and 3.9

[chalmerlowe]

This PR updates `sqlalchemy-bigquery` to establish Python 3.10 as the minimum supported version, dropping support for Python 3.7, 3.8, and 3.9.

Changes

• Configuration: Updated `setup.py` and `noxfile.py` to require Python 3.10+ and remove references to Python 3.8 and 3.9.
• Documentation: Updated `README.rst` and `CONTRIBUTING.rst` to reflect supported Python versions (up to 3.14).
• Constraints: Transferred lower bounds to `constraints-3.10.txt` and dropped `constraints-3.8.txt` and `constraints-3.9.txt`.
• Fixes: Bumped `pyarrow` to `6.0.0` and pinned `alembic==1.7.7` to fix Python 3.10 compatibility issues.

Verified successfully with 318 passing unit tests under Python 3.10!

Fixes internal issue: http://b/482126936 🦕

[gemini-code-assist]

Code Review

This pull request drops support for Python 3.8 and 3.9, updating documentation, CI configurations, and package metadata to set the minimum supported version to Python 3.10. Additionally, the minimum version for pyarrow is increased to 6.0.0, and a new constraints file for Python 3.10 is added while older versions are removed. Review feedback suggests including missing Trove classifiers for Python 3.13 and 3.14 in setup.py and clarifying the dependency status of alembic, which is currently pinned in the constraints file but missing from the package configuration.

[gemini-code-assist]

The Trove classifiers are missing entries for Python 3.13 and 3.14, which are stated as supported in the documentation and noxfile.py. According to the general rules, project metadata should be updated to reflect the supported versions when updating the minimum Python version.

Suggested change

	"Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
	"Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
	"Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
	"Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
	"Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
	"Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
	"Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13",
	"Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14",

References

1. When updating the minimum supported Python version in runtime checks, ensure that the project's metadata in 'setup.py' or 'pyproject.toml' is also updated to reflect the same minimum version in 'python_requires' and Trove classifiers.