feat(encoding): add generic block compression

[Xuanwo]

Lance 2.3 needs a reusable, fallible block-sequence compression contract so variable-width mini-block offsets can use Range, Delta, RLE, dictionary, bitpacking, and general compression through the same concrete codec-tree model used by the existing encoding architecture.

This umbrella contains the complete end-to-end implementation as an integration reference. It is intentionally non-mergeable; review and land the stacked Draft PRs below instead. The stack keeps Lance 2.0–2.2 persisted bytes, selection, and reader behavior unchanged, preserves chunk-local random-read granularity, and does not migrate the SparseLayout wire format.

The stack also includes the Lance 2.3 generic-offset format documentation, compatibility and malformed-input coverage, and controlled encoder/decoder benchmarks.

Reviewable stack

1. refactor(encoding): pass mini-block compression context #8038 — mini-block compression context
2. refactor(encoding): make block codecs fallible #8040 — fallible block codec contract and concrete trees
3. feat(encoding): add range and delta block codecs #8041 — Range and Delta codecs
4. feat(encoding): decode generic mini-block offsets #8042 — generic variable-offset reader
5. feat(encoding): add bounded block dictionary #8043 — bounded block Dictionary
6. feat(encoding): select bounded offset codecs #8044 — bounded offset selector and complete wire-cost model
7. feat(encoding): encode generic mini-block offsets #8045 — generic mini-block offset writer capability
8. feat(encoding): adopt generic offsets in Lance 2.3 #8046 — Lance 2.3 production adopter and compatibility coverage
9. perf(encoding): benchmark generic offsets #8048 — representative encoder/decoder benchmarks

Each PR is based on the previous stack branch; #8038 is based on main.

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[github-actions]

Important

This PR touches the Lance format specification.

Substantive changes to the format specification — the .proto definitions
and the spec docs under docs/src/format/ — require a PMC vote before merge.
Minor edits such as typo fixes, wording, or formatting are excluded; use your
judgment.

If this is a meaningful format change:

• Start a vote following the Lance community voting process.
  Format specification modifications need 3 binding +1 votes (excluding the
  proposer), held on GitHub Discussions, with a minimum voting period of 1 week.
• Once the vote passes, link the completed vote in this PR. It should not be
  merged until the vote is linked.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 73.47811% with 1490 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...-encoding/src/encodings/physical/binary/offsets.rs	74.84%	213 Missing and 69 partials ⚠️
...st/lance-encoding/src/encodings/physical/binary.rs	76.63%	188 Missing and 91 partials ⚠️
...st/lance-encoding/src/compression/block/factory.rs	62.31%	166 Missing and 33 partials ⚠️
rust/lance-encoding/src/encodings/physical/rle.rs	72.36%	114 Missing and 33 partials ⚠️
...ust/lance-encoding/src/encodings/physical/block.rs	62.39%	74 Missing and 14 partials ⚠️
rust/lance-encoding/src/compression.rs	70.25%	64 Missing and 19 partials ⚠️
...ance-encoding/src/encodings/physical/dictionary.rs	63.87%	63 Missing and 19 partials ⚠️
...ust/lance-encoding/src/encodings/physical/delta.rs	65.17%	57 Missing and 13 partials ⚠️
.../src/encodings/physical/binary/offsets/selector.rs	61.22%	54 Missing and 3 partials ⚠️
...ust/lance-encoding/src/encodings/physical/range.rs	71.08%	33 Missing and 15 partials ⚠️
... and 13 more

📢 Thoughts on this report? Let us know!