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leech2

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leech2 tracks changes to tables. It computes deltas between table snapshots, stores them as linked blocks, and can produce consolidated patches that convert into SQL statements for replaying changes on a target database.

leech2 ships as both a Rust library with a C-compatible FFI (libleech2.so) and a CLI tool (lch).

Build dependencies

# On macOS
brew install protobuf

# On Linux
sudo apt install protobuf-compiler

# On Windows
choco install protoc

Building

cargo build  # build the library and CLI
cargo test   # run all tests

Quick start

# Initialize a work directory with an example table
lch init

# Edit the CSV, then create a block to record the changes
lch block create

# Make more edits and create another block
lch block create

# Generate a patch (from REPORTED, or GENESIS on first run)
lch patch create

# Convert the patch to SQL
lch patch sql

# Mark the patch as applied so next patch starts from here
lch patch applied

# If SQL application fails, force full state on next patch
lch patch failed

Pass --dry-run to any command to compute the changes and print what it Would have ... done without changing anything on the disk:

Configuration

The configuration lives in either config.toml or config.json. The CLI tool currently expects this file to be inside a .leech/ directory in the current working directory (this may change). The C API does not care.

State directory

State files (HEAD, STATE, REPORTED, PATCH, and block files) live in a state subdirectory next to the config (in the work directory) by default. The optional top-level state-dir option allows you to point it elsewhere:

state-dir = "/var/lib/leech2"

Use can either use an absolute path or path relative to the work directory.

Drop-in fragments

The base config may pull in additional config files via a top-level include key holding a list of glob patterns. This lets a package that bundles leech2 ship a read-only base config while still letting users extend / overwrite the reporting system by dropping fragment files into an included directory. This way users can extend or overwrite config options without having to edit the package bundled file.

include = ["conf.d/*.toml", "conf.d/*.json"]
  • Relative patterns resolve against the work directory; absolute patterns are used as-is. A pattern that matches nothing is not an error.
  • Fragments use the same schema as the base config and may be .toml or .json regardless of the base file's format. Every section is optional.
  • Fragments are deep-merged in order: the base first, then each include pattern in the order listed, with each pattern's matches sorted by filename.
  • Merging is last-wins and recurses into sections.
  • A base config.toml/config.json is required, and only the base may declare include (nested includes are not supported).

Tables

  • Each table must have at least one field marked primary-key = true
  • Field names within a table must be unique
  • A table is CSV-backed when it has a [tables.X.csv] block declaring a source; otherwise it is callback-backed and its rows are pulled from the FFI cell callback at block creation time.
  • Inside a [csv] block, when header = false (the default), CSV columns are mapped to config fields by position.
  • When header = true, the first row of the CSV is treated as a header. Each config field is matched to a CSV column by name. Hence, columns may appear in any order. Every config field name must be present in the header; extra CSV columns are ignored.
  • The type field controls how values are quoted in generated SQL string. These are not database column types. Your database may use any compatible type (e.g. INTEGER, FLOAT, TIMESTAMP). It is your responsibility to ensure the quoted literals are valid for your target database type.
  • A field may carry an optional comment describing what it is for. leech2 ignores it. It exists only to document fields in config.json, which has no comment syntax of its own.
[tables.products]
fields = [
    { name = "id",    type = "NUMBER", primary-key = true },
    { name = "name",  type = "TEXT" },
    { name = "price", type = "NUMBER" },
]

[tables.products.csv]
source = "products.csv"  # where to find the CSV (relative to work dir, or absolute)
header = true            # CSV has a header row (defaults to false)
Type SQL literal Notes
TEXT 'value' Single quotes, escaped
NUMBER 42 / 3.14 Stored as f64; integers above 2^53 lose precision
BOOLEAN TRUE/FALSE Accepts the exact strings true / false (case-sensitive); see below

The [csv] block can declare per-table regex sentinels. null maps matching cell values to SQL NULL. true / false override the strings recognized as boolean true/false (only meaningful for BOOLEAN fields; ignored elsewhere). Patterns are unanchored — use ^...$ for exact matches. A primary-key cell matching the null pattern is rejected at load time.

When a true or false regex is set, the strict defaults ("true" / "false") are no longer accepted unless the regex matches them. Setting just one of the two leaves the other on its default literal.

[tables.flags]
fields = [
    { name = "id",     type = "NUMBER",  primary-key = true },
    { name = "notes",  type = "TEXT" },
    { name = "active", type = "BOOLEAN" },
]

[tables.flags.csv]
source = "flags.csv"
null  = "^(N/A)?$"   # empty string OR "N/A" -> NULL
true  = "^Y$"
false = "^N$"

Injected fields

Optional [[injected-fields]] entries add static columns to all generated SQL. Each entry becomes an extra column in INSERT statements and an extra condition in DELETE/UPDATE WHERE clauses. When any injected fields are configured, state payload patches use DELETE FROM ... WHERE ... instead of TRUNCATE so that other agents' data is preserved.

[[injected-fields]]
name = "host"      # column name in the target database
type = "TEXT"      # SQL type (default: TEXT)
value = "agent-1"  # the static value

[[injected-fields]]
name = "environment"
type = "TEXT"
value = "production"

Fields can also be injected at runtime via lch patch inject or the lch_patch_inject C API function. Runtime injection is useful when the authoritative value is only known to the receiver (e.g. a hub that derives it from an authenticated connection); values provided at runtime overwrite any statically declared field with the same name.

lch patch inject hostkey abc123  # defaults to TEXT
lch patch inject count 42 NUMBER

Filters

The [csv] block can declare per-table filtering that drops records at CSV load time. Filtered records never enter state, deltas, or SQL output.

[tables.users.csv]
source = "users.csv"
max-field-length = 1024

[tables.users.csv.filter]
fields  = ["status", "label"]
include = "^(active|pending)$"
exclude = '^DROP$'
  • max-field-length: Optional. Any record where any field value exceeds this length in bytes is dropped.
  • csv.filter is an optional single-block-per-table section with three keys:
    • fields: list of field names this filter examines. Every name must appear in the table's fields.
    • include: optional regex (whitelist). The record is kept only if at least one listed field matches the pattern.
    • exclude: optional regex (blacklist). The record is dropped if any listed field matches the pattern. Exclude is evaluated after include.

Both regexes follow the Rust regex crate and are unanchored by default — use ^...$ for exact matches.

When a record that previously passed the filters stops passing, it appears as a DELETE in the next delta. Similarly, when a previously-filtered record starts passing, it appears as an INSERT.

Compression

Patches are compressed with zstd by default. An optional [compression] section controls this:

[compression]
enable = true  # enable zstd compression (default: true)
level = 3      # compression level (defaults to zstd default)

If compression would enlarge a small payload, the raw protobuf is sent instead; the receiver auto-detects which form it received.

Stats

An optional [stats] section makes each patch create append a run record to a cumulative STATS JSON file in the state directory. Disabled by default:

[stats]
enable = true  # record stats (default: false)

Each entry stores performance related information about the different compression stages. Run lch stats show to print an aggregated summary.

History truncation

An optional [truncate] section controls automatic pruning of old block files after every lch_block_create() / lch block create:

[truncate]
max-blocks = 100          # keep at most 100 blocks in the chain (>= 1)
max-age = "7d"            # remove blocks older than this duration
remove-orphans = true     # remove blocks not reachable from HEAD (default: true, recommended)
truncate-reported = true  # remove blocks older than last reported (default: true)

All fields are optional and independent.

By default, truncation removes orphaned blocks (i.e., on disk but not reachable from HEAD), as well as blocks older than the last reported position (see lch_patch_applied).

File permissions

Files created in the work directory are given Unix permission bits taken from the optional top-level file-mode option:

file-mode = "0600"  # owner read/write only (default)

The option is ignored on non-Unix platforms.

The state directory itself, when leech2 creates it, is given the permission bits from the optional top-level dir-mode option:

dir-mode = "0700"  # owner read/write/traverse only (default)

C API

See include/leech2.h for the full API reference.

The .deb and .rpm packages install a leech2.pc file, so consumers can discover compile and link flags with pkg-config --cflags --libs leech2.

lch_config_t *cfg = lch_init("/path/to/workdir");

lch_block_create(cfg, NULL);

lch_buffer_t patch = {0};
lch_patch_create(cfg, NULL, &patch);

char *sql;
lch_patch_to_sql(cfg, &patch, &sql);
printf("%s", sql);
lch_string_free(sql);

if (hub_send(patch.data, patch.len)) {
  lch_patch_applied(cfg, &patch);
} else {
  lch_patch_failed(cfg);
}
lch_buffer_free(&patch);

lch_deinit(cfg);

Logging

CLI: Logs are written to stderr. Set the LEECH2_LOG environment variable to control the log level (e.g. LEECH2_LOG=debug).

FFI: Call lch_log_init() first to receive log messages through a callback. See include/leech2.h for the full API. Available levels: LCH_LOG_ERROR (1), LCH_LOG_WARN (2), LCH_LOG_INFO (3), LCH_LOG_DEBUG (4), LCH_LOG_TRACE (5). Trace messages are only emitted in debug builds; release builds strip them at compile time.

Man pages

Man pages are included in the .deb and .rpm packages, and under man/ in the source tarball. After installing a package, run man 1 lch or man 3 leech2.h to see them.

Contributing

See CONTRIBUTING.md for architecture details, data flow, and development guidelines.

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Tracks table changes and produces small patches that can be converted to SQL queries.

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