feat: port test_error to CTS

[bavulapati]

ports
https://github.com/nodejs/node/tree/main/test/js-native-api/test_error

[kraenhansen]

Reviewed: C file is a verbatim copy of upstream, CMakeLists.txt correct (no experimental needed — NAPI_VERSION 9 is a stable version pin for node_api_throw_syntax_error/node_api_create_syntax_error), all upstream test cases preserved.

One thing to flag: the test uses assert.throws with an object matcher ({ code, message }) and a validation-function form. These work here because the Node.js implementor delegates directly to node:assert/strict. The object-matcher form is already used in test_bigint too, but the harness test in tests/harness/assert.js doesn't cover either form — tracked in #42.

"use strict" tracked in #41.